Advanced Signal Processing for Smard Grid and Renewable Energy Sources

电网现代化已成为全球许多国家的主要国家优先事项。随着可再生能源和分布式能源的日益普及，以及必要的储能技术手段，人们设想所谓的“智能电网”将使电力的生产和输送更加可靠，更具成本效益，并允许消费者对他们的能源消费做出更明智的决定。智能电网将向最终用户提供单向集中发电流的传统电网转变为更加分布式和动态的双向电力和信息流动系统。智能电网的本质概念是将电力电子、实时计量、数字通信、信号处理和控制技术集成到电力系统中，其中智能将在很大程度上是分布式的。通信和信息技术在智能电网中起着至关重要的作用。随着电网变得更复杂、更互联、更智能，大量数据将由仪表、传感器和同步相量产生。需要开发管理、分析和对这些数据采取行动的先进技术。此外，随着越来越多的可再生能源，如光伏（PV）太阳能阵列和风力涡轮机阵列的部署，需要新的技术来优化和监测能源发电性能。伴随着未来智能电网系统的众多技术挑战需要新颖的解决方案。因此，重要的是在这个时候进行研究，解决智能电网和可再生能源的理论方面，并获得见解和理论工具，可能有助于推动这一领域的重大进展。本项目主要研究与智能电网和可再生能源分布式智能相关的三大课题：(1)研究输配电网分布式安全非线性状态估计方法；(2)开发分布式顺序联合变化检测和估计算法，用于智能电网网络攻击的实时检测和缓解；(3)开发分布式无模型自适应算法，分别用于太阳能光伏发电阵列的在线优化和监测，以及风力发电阵列的控制。智能电网和可再生能源给社会带来了深刻的变化，所提出的研究将为电网状态估计、网络攻击检测和缓解以及可再生能源的高效利用带来新的强大技术。除了进行理论分析外，还将开发计算程序以促进分析工作。在理想条件下开发的新概念和算法将适用于具有各种约束的实际系统。预计所提出的研究不仅将增强我们对复杂智能电网系统和可再生能源的基本基础的理解，而且还将为未来的电力系统提供新的强大工具。通过与已建立的外展计划协调，该项目将积极吸引K-12学生和传统上代表性不足的群体，并激励这些学生追求STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）教育和职业。

Modernizing the electric power grid has become a major national priority for many countries across the globe. With the increasing penetration of renewable and distributed energy sources along with the necessary means of energy storage technologies, it is envisioned that the so-called "smart grids" will make the production and delivery of electricity more reliable and more cost-effective, and will allow consumers to make more informed decisions about their energy consumption. The smart grid transforms the legacy grid that provides a one-way centrally generated power flow to end users into a more distributed and dynamic system of two-way flow of power and information. The essential concept of the smart grid, where the intelligence will be to a large extent distributed, is the integration of power electronics, real-time metering, digital communications, signal processing, and control technologies into the power system. Communications and information technology play a critical role in the smart grid. As the power grid becomes more complex, more interconnected, and more intelligent, large amount of data will be generated by meters, sensors and synchrophasors. Advanced techniques for managing, analyzing and acting on such data need to be developed. Further, as more and more renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) solar arrays and wind turbine arrays are deployed, novel techniques are needed to optimize and monitor the energy generation performance. The numerous technical challenges that accompany the future smart-grid systems call for novel solutions. Hence it is important at this time to perform research that addresses the theoretical aspects of smart grid and renewable energy sources, and to acquire insights and theoretical tools that may help propel significant advances in this field. This project focuses on three major topics that are related to the distributed intelligence for smart grid and renewable energy sources: (1) to develop distributed and secure nonlinear state estimation methods for both power transmission and power distribution grids; (2) to develop decentralized sequential joint change detection and estimation algorithms for real-time detection and mitigation of cyber attacks in smart grid; and (3) to develop decentralized model-free adaptive algorithms for online optimization and monitoring of solar PV arrays, and for controlling of wind turbine arrays, respectively. Smart grid and renewable energy sources bring profound changes to the society and the proposed research will lead to new and powerful techniques for grid state estimation, cyber attack detection and mitigation, and efficient utilization of renewable energy sources. In addition to conducting theoretical analysis, computational procedures will be developed to facilitate the analytical work. The new concepts and algorithms developed under ideal conditions will be tailored to operate in practical systems with various constraints. It is expected that the proposed research will not only enhance our understanding of the fundamental underpinnings of the complex smart-grid systems and renewable energy sources, but also produce new and powerful tools for future electrical power systems. By coordinating with an established outreach program, this project will actively engage K-12 students and traditionally under-represented groups and inspire these students to pursue STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education and careers.