CNH-Ex: Legal, Economic, and Natural Science Analyses of Wind Plant Impacts and Interactions

本研究计画将探讨风力涡轮机、风力发电场与当地环境之间的物理、经济与法律的互动。 该项目将寻求一系列重要问题的答案，包括以下问题：谁拥有风能？ 谁享受顺风对作物和其他风力发电厂的积极影响？ 谁对新建风力涡轮机的负面顺风影响负责？ 该项目将量化风电场对大气和经济的影响，以更准确地评估新风电场对自然和人类系统的复杂影响。 调查人员还将提出全国性的法律的框架，准确反映风力发电场对邻近地区的物理和经济影响。 适当的法律的指导可以提高效率并减少风力资源的浪费。 由于该项目将结合实际、经济和法律的调查，因此将有助于减少对抗性、基于诉讼的解决方案的频率，并以公平和可预测的方式最大限度地提高公共利益，从而提供政策工具，优化国家可持续能源资源的开发。 该项目由美国国家科学基金会自然和人类系统耦合动力学（CNH）计划支持。在过去的十年中，风能的生产显着增加，预测表明这种增长可能会继续下去。 然而，在大型风力发电场建立更多的涡轮机，对当地环境、农作物和其他风力发电场造成影响的风险越来越大。 研究人员将把大气科学和经济影响研究沿着系统的法律的分析，以更有效地描述风电场下风向自然和人类系统之间复杂的相互作用，并将提供有关政策和其他方法的新见解，以最大限度地提高效益，同时降低风险。 研究人员将使用公开的天气预测来模拟风电场的影响，然后将其与来自该国不同地区的三个大型风电场的风力，湍流和涡轮机发电数据的广泛数据集进行比较。 如果需要改进天气模型中风电场的表现，这些改进将提供给天气预报员和其他人。 调查人员将分析风力开发对风电场内土地所有者和顺风邻居的经济影响，他们将评估当地，州和国家的风力案例法，以了解风电场的大气和经济影响是否以及如何通过当前的法律的框架准确地表示。 这种分类和分析将为其他风法研究者提供新的资源。 本项目中创建的天气模拟和汇总的经济和法律的数据将保存在一个公开的数据档案中，以便将来对风能的经济和法律的影响进行调查。

This research project will examine the physical, economic, and legal interactions among wind turbines, wind farms, and their local environments. The project will seek answers to a set of important questions, including the following: Who owns the wind? Who enjoys the benefits of positive downwind impacts on crops and other wind plants? Who bears responsibility for negative downwind impacts of newly constructed wind turbines? This project will quantify the atmospheric and economic impacts of wind farms to more accurately assess the complex implications of new wind farms on both natural and human systems. The investigators also will propose nationwide legal frameworks that accurately reflect the physical and economic impacts on wind farms' neighbors. Appropriate legal guidance can result in greater efficiencies and reduce waste of wind resources. Because it will couple physical, economic, and legal investigations, the project will help to reduce the frequency of adversarial, litigation-based solutions and maximize public benefit in a fair and predictable manner, thereby providing the policy tools to optimize the development of the nation's sustainable energy resources. This project is supported by the NSF Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program.The production of energy from wind has increased significantly over the past decade, and projections suggest this increase is likely to continue. The establishment of more turbines in large wind farms brings the growing risk of impacts on local environments, crops, and other wind farms, however. The investigators will integrate atmospheric science and economic impact studies along with systematic legal analyses to more effectively characterize the complex interactions among natural and human systems downwind from wind farms, and they will provide new insights regarding policy and other approaches to maximizing benefits while reducing risks. The researchers will use publicly available weather prediction to simulate wind farm impacts, which then will be compared to extensive datasets of wind, turbulence, and turbine power production data from three large wind farms in different regions of the country. If improvements to the representation of wind farms in weather models are required, these improvements will be made and made available for weather forecasters and others. The investigators will analyze the economic impacts of wind development on landowners within a wind farm and on downwind neighbors, and they will assess local, state, and national wind case law in order to understand whether and how wind farm atmospheric and economic impacts are accurately represented by current legal frameworks. This categorization and analysis will provide a new resource to other wind law researchers. The weather simulations and aggregated economic and legal data created in this project will be maintained on a publicly available data archive to enable future investigations of wind energy economic and legal impacts.