Turbulence investigations from local VLBI interferometer and short range GNSS observations for improved modelling of atmospheric refraction variations

超长基线干涉测量（VLBI）和全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）同时在一个小的局部网络观测将用于研究大气折射的变化，从而深入了解真实的湍流行为，并为折射模型的改进提供基础。这将通过Wettzell新的三重VLBI射电望远镜和将在Wettzell场地及其周围建立的本地GNSS网络来实现。减轻技术特定误差的贡献，剩余的到达时间和干涉仪或载波相位的差异可归因于大气折射的变化，这将与湍流理论有关。在这个项目中，我们将采用一个大地测量观测群，这将是世界上第一个也是迄今为止唯一一个允许调查各种无线电频率折射效应的短期离散的综合仪器。该项目的结果将是加强对当地大气折射在空间和时间上变化的量化，解决并实现各种解释和模式改进。由于大气折射是精度进一步提高的限制因素，我们的结果将有助于提高无线电频率下各种空间大地测量观测的质量，以实现精确定位和监测地球自转。

Simultaneous Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations in a small local network will be employed to investigate the variability of atmospheric refraction giving insights into real turbulence behaviour and providing the basis for refraction model improvements. This will be achieved with the new triple of VLBI radio telescopes at Wettzell and a local GNSS network to be set up on and around the Wettzell premises. Mitigating technique-specific error contributions, the remaining differences in arrival time and interferometer or carrier phase can be attributed to variations in atmospheric refraction which will then be related to turbulence theory. In this project we will employ a geodetic observing cluster which will be the first and so far only integrated instrument in the world allowing the investigation of a variety of short-time discretisations of radio fre-quency refraction effects. The results of the project will be an enhanced quantification of local atmos-pheric refraction variations in space and time addressing and realizing a variety of interpretations and model improvements. Since atmospheric refraction is the limiting factor of any further improvements in accuracy, our results will serve to advance the quality of all kinds of space-geodetic observations at radio frequencies for precise positioning and monitoring Earth rotation.