EFRI 2-DARE: Monolayer Heterostructures: Epitaxy to Beyond-CMOS Devices

题目：EFRI 2-DARE：单层异质结构：外延到超越cmos器件非技术：发现新材料并学习如何收获其特性是推动我们社会发展的最重要活动之一。在过去的60年里，尤其是半导体的出现，极大地改变了我们计算、交流和学习的方式。尽管如此，我们仍然渴望光电和电子产品更节能、更紧凑、更灵活、更方便。新材料驱动新应用，创新设备需要创造性材料研究。这种双向思维在EFRI 2-DARE项目中得到了体现。材料系统的选择是二维（2D）层状材料。在研究实验室进行积极的调查研究，将带来高质量的学生培训，丰富我们的知识，以改善课堂教学，并导致推动社会进步的创新。领导力体现在该项目的研究、教学、指导、服务和推广活动中，从而更好地为下一代STEM劳动力做好准备。技术：石墨烯是一种排列在二维（2D）蜂窝状晶体中的单片碳原子，它的快速和最近的进展为其他可能具有独特和有用特性的二维材料的例子提出了诱人的问题。“2D层材料所提供的丰富多样的特性可以根据需求进行设计，它们为电子、传感、光子学、柔性电子、能量收集和存储、热管理、机械结构、催化和生物工程等应用创造了令人兴奋的前景，”（NSF EFRI-2014项目征集）。在这一提议中，目标是教育下一代科学家和工程师应对能源领域的重大挑战，一个具有互补专业知识的跨学科团队将采用综合方法进行研究和推广。基于pi在二维层状材料中的快速进展和分子束外延的异质结构生长，EFRI团队提出了一种变革性的方法来控制电子掺杂和单层异质结构的形成。基于所得材料，该团队还将从理论上和实验上探索以下三个器件主题。1)超越CMOS开关：寻找相关效应。这代表了对传统电子开关机制的根本背离。如果成功，不仅相关电子系统的基础科学将得到推进，而且还将导致更节能的开关，这将解决国家的迫切需求和重大挑战。2)门控射频振荡器：探索电荷密度波。这也代表了与传统射频源的根本背离。门控电荷密度波承诺在太赫兹频率区域的极宽带宽上可调谐射频源，这是缩小太赫兹技术差距的关键因素。3)门控热电电池：研究二维晶体的热电特性。TMD材料具有低导热性和高导电性的独特组合。它们的二维性质也为研究二维热电效应提供了理想的平台。

Title: EFRI 2-DARE: monolayer heterostructures: epitaxy to beyond-CMOS devices Non-Technical: Discovering new materials and learning how to harvest their properties are among the most important activities for advancing our society. Over the past six decades, the advent of semiconductors in particular, has dramatically changed the ways in which we compute, communicate and learn. Still, we long for opto- and electronics that are even more energy-efficient, compact, flexible and convenient. New materials drive novel applications, and innovative devices demand creative materials research. This bidirectional thinking is epitomized in this EFRI 2-DARE project. The material system of choice is 2-dimensional (2D) layered materials. Vigorous investigations in the research laboratories will result in high quality student training, enrich our knowledge to improve teaching in the classroom, and lead to innovations that drive the progress of society. The leadership embodied in the research, teaching, mentoring, service, outreach activities in this project in turn better prepares the next generation of the STEM work force.Technical: The rapid and recent advances in graphene, a single sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb crystal, have raised tantalizing questions for other examples of 2D materials that might have distinct and useful properties. "The rich variety of properties that 2D layer materials offer can potentially be engineered on demand, and they create exciting prospects for applications such as in electronics, sensing, photonics, flexible electronics, energy harvesting and storage, thermal management, mechanical structures, catalysis, and bio-engineering in the future," (NSF EFRI-2014 program solicitation). In this proposal, the aim is to educate the next generation of scientists and engineers to address the grand challenges in energy, where an interdisciplinary team with complimentary expertise will use an integrated approach for research and outreach. Based on the rapid progress made by the PIs in the 2D layered materials and heterostructure growth by molecular beam epitaxy, this EFRI team proposes transformative approaches to control electronic doping and heterostructure formation with monolayer precision. Based on the resulting materials, the team will also explore theoretically and experimentally the following three device themes. 1) Beyond CMOS switches: searching for correlated effects. This represents a fundamental departure from the conventional electronic switch mechanism. If successful, not only will the basic science in correlated electron systems be advanced, but this will also lead to more energy efficient switches, which addresses an urgent national need and grand challenge. 2) Gated RF oscillators: exploring charge density waves. This also represents a fundamental departure from the conventional RF sources. Gated charge density waves promises a tunable RF source over an extremely wide bandwidth in the terahertz frequency region, which is a critical element in closing the THz technology gap. 3) Gated thermoelectric batteries: investigating thermoelectric properties of 2D crystals. The TMD materials have a unique combination of low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity. Their 2D nature also provides an ideal platform to investigate 2D thermoelectric effects.