Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO): A System for Access to Ecological and Biogeochemical Ocean Data

由于人类活动正在改变地球系统的重要组成部分，人类活动带来的压力越来越大，地球系统正在迅速变化。海洋作为气候系统的飞轮，在气候、水循环、碳循环、全球能源收支和海平面上升方面发挥着重要作用。要研究和了解地球系统的这一组成部分，需要进行多学科综合调查，获取生物、化学、地质和物理来源的海洋学数据。生物和化学海洋学数据管理办公室(BCO-DMO)是为由NSF生物和化学海洋学科以及南极生物和生态系统方案司资助的生物和化学海洋学数据管理办公室设立的，作为一个设施，可以管理和公开在科学研究过程中形成的海洋生物地球化学和生态数据和信息。BCO-DMO提供来自多个大中型项目以及单个研究人员项目的综合化学、生物和物理数据清单。BCO-DMO还为科学研究人员提供了探索复杂和多方面数据集的机会，并支持跨学科合作，以解决随着气候变化速度加快而加剧的紧迫环境问题、问题和挑战。由NSF和其他机构资助的研究人员贡献的BCO-DMO数据集集合是一个公开可用的资源，可通过BCO-DMO网站获取。BCO-DMO支持综合和建模活动，将海洋数据重新用于新的研究工作，为K-12和大学一级的教师和学生提供课堂使用的“真实数据”，并为与政策有关的问题提供决策支持实地数据。BCO-DMO的外联活动包括参加国家和国际的社区培训课程和讲习班，并帮助促进数据管理专业人员和研究调查人员之间的长期合作伙伴关系。这些外展活动通过促进协同但不同的独立研究小组之间的思想交流，减少了社区障碍。BCO-DMO积极参与海洋学和信息学会议上的知识交流，这是制定和采用标准的一个重要机制。BCO-DMO数据管理库的主要目标是管理来自NSF资助的个人科学研究人员和合作研究人员小组的现有和新的数据集，并使数据在线可用。BCO-DMO数据管理系统由元数据数据库和分布式客户端-服务器JGOFS/GLOBEC数据系统组成，外加基于文本和基于地图的用户界面，并支持机器客户端访问可从储存库获得的信息和数据。该办公室与主要调查人员和其他数据贡献者合作，支持数据生命周期的所有阶段；维护项目、部署和数据集的库存；按照联邦机构的要求生成符合标准的元数据记录；促进遵守NSF海洋科学数据政策；确保向国家数据中心提交数据以供存档；通过提供改进的数据发现和访问系统，支持和鼓励数据合成；促进分散的数据储存库之间的互操作性；并促进区域、国家和国际数据和信息交换。该办公室参与开发和使用开放源码、基于标准的技术，使可互操作的数据系统能够交换数据和信息，从而促进所有学科的下一代研究。随着海洋过程的分析变得越来越复杂，多学科数据集成也将变得更加复杂。BCO-DMO促进信息共享，并致力于成为海洋科学研究基础设施的基本组成部分，没有这些基础设施，现有和未来海洋研究方案的目标就无法实现。

The Earth System is changing rapidly as a result of growing pressure from human activities that are changing important components of the System. The oceans act as the flywheel of the climate system, playing major roles in the climate, the water cycle, the carbon cycle, global energy budgets, and sea level rise. Study and understanding of this component of the Earth System requires integrated multi-disciplinary investigations with access to oceanographic data of biological, chemical, geological, and physical origin. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) was created to serve PIs funded by the NSF Biological and Chemical Oceanography Sections and the Division of Polar Programs Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program as a facility where marine biogeochemical and ecological data and information developed in the course of scientific research can be managed and made publicly available. BCO-DMO provides integrated chemical, biological and physical data inventories from a number of large and intermediate-sized programs, as well as single investigator projects. BCO-DMO also provides scientific investigators the opportunity to explore complex and multifaceted datasets and supports cross-disciplinary collaboration to address pressing environmental questions, problems, and challenges that are exacerbated with the increasing pace of climate change. The BCO-DMO collection of datasets contributed by researchers funded by NSF and others is a publicly available resource accessible via the BCO-DMO website. BCO-DMO supports synthesis and modeling activities, reuse of oceanographic data for new research endeavors, availability of "real data" for classroom use by teachers and students at K-12 and college level, and provides decision-support field data for policy-relevant issues. BCO-DMO outreach activities include participation in community training courses and workshops both national and international, and help to foster long-term collaborative partnerships between data management professionals and research investigators. These outreach activities reduce community barriers by fostering the sharing of ideas among synergistic, but otherwise independent research groups. BCO-DMO actively participates in the exchange of knowledge at oceanographic and informatics meetings, an important mechanism by which standards development and adoption occurs. The primary goal of the BCO-DMO data management repository is to manage existing and new datasets from NSF funded individual scientific investigators and collaborative groups of investigators, and to make the data available online. The BCO-DMO data management system is composed of a metadata database and the distributed client-server JGOFS/GLOBEC data system, plus text-based and map-based user interfaces and support for machine clients to access the information and data available from the repository. The office works with principal investigators and other data contributors to support all phases of the data lifecycle; maintain an inventory of projects, deployments, and datasets; generate standards-compliant metadata records as required by federal agencies; promote compliance with the NSF Ocean Sciences data policy; ensure submission of data to national data centers for archive; support and encourage data synthesis by providing enhanced data discovery and access systems; facilitate interoperability among distributed data repositories; and facilitate regional, national, and international data and information exchange. The office participates in the development and use of open-source, standards-based technologies that enable interoperable data systems to exchange data and information that will foster next-generation research in all disciplines. As the analysis of ocean processes becomes more and more sophisticated, multidisciplinary data integration will also grow more complex. BCO-DMO fosters information sharing and is committed to being a fundamental component of the ocean science research infrastructure without which the goals of existing and future ocean research programs cannot be met.