Collaborative Research: RAPID - Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology 2014 (IPHEx) - Enhancing Coupled Observations of the Land-Atmosphere System and Educational Opportunities

洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害是在大降水的情况下发生的。山洪暴发与强降雨率有关，而山体滑坡是对大量地下径流的响应，因此可能发生在暴风雨期间或降雨停止后很长一段时间。之前在大烟山的研究表明，当降雨穿过雾和低层云时，降雨强度可以在几分钟内增加到原来的十倍。在这个项目中，我们将收集观测数据来研究降雨增强过程，这些过程可以用来改进对降雨量的估计和预测，以及地下径流和径流的响应时间。这些测量将包括描述导致雾和低层云形成的气溶胶和CCN的特征，以及观测雾、小雨和暴雨的微物理。将收集土壤水和溪水样本，以供将来进行示踪剂分析，以确定地下水如何移动，以及溪流中的水如何在区域流域内流动。许多来自多所高校的研究生和本科生将在该项目中并肩工作。我们将培训学生使用各种新型仪器，并收集可用于科学研究的高质量测量数据。该项目将与2014年水文和降水综合实验(IPHEx)协调。

Natural hazards such as flashfloods and landslides occur in response to large precipitation. Flashfloods are associated with heavy rainfall rates, whereas landslides are initiated in response to large subsurface runoff, and thus may happen during the storm or long after rainfall stopped. Previous research in the Great Smoky Mountains suggests that as rain falls through fog and low level clouds, intensity of rainfall can increase by a factor of ten in a few minutes. In this project, we will collect observations to investigate rainfall enhancement processes that can be used to improve the estimation and prediction of rainfall and the response-time of subsurface runoff and streamflows. The measurements will include characterization of aerosols and CCN leading to fog and low level cloud formation, and observations of the microphysics of fog, light and heavy rainfall. Soil water and stream water samples will be collected for future tracer analysis to determine how the subsurface water moves and how the water in the streams travels within regional watersheds. Many graduate and undergraduate students from multiple universities and colleges will work side-by-side in the project. We will train the students to use a variety of novel instruments, and to collect high-quality measurements that can be used for scientific research. This project will be coordinated with the Integrated Hydrology and Precipitation Experiment (IPHEx) 2014.