Life Cycles of Basaltic Magma Mushes: The Dynamic Controls on Unlocking and Mixing

岩浆作用（火山作用）将热量和物质从地球内部深处输送到地表，形成了地壳，并强烈地影响着大气和生物圈。然而，这些过程几乎完全看不见，必须从稀疏的观测中推断出动态。这些观测结果集中在一幅岩浆系统的图片上，它们在热寿命的大部分时间里都以糊状或富含晶体和准静态的状态存在。从海洋岛屿和大型火成岩省到会聚边缘火山链，再到大洋中脊系统，各种地质环境都有这种现象的记录。奇怪的是，也已经证实，这些火山泥可以迅速移动并复杂混合，有时就在喷发之前。当晶体泥作为大的深成体保存下来时，它们显示出同时存在的复杂的流体和颗粒流变状态的证据。我们的目标是确定在自然界中产生这些重复过程的基本动态模板。我们将采用统一的晶体化学数据和新的计算流体动力学建模工具，以揭示控制不同岩浆幕的出现和特征的模板。我们的领域领域将是1868年的莫纳罗亚火山，夏威夷，在那里我们将确定不同的人口的岩浆产品，并利用离散元方法计算流体动力学的方法，我们可以创建合成人口，并确定什么样的动态控制是对他们的发生。

The transport of heat and mass from the Earth's deep interior to the surface by magmatism (volcanism) creates the Earth's crust and strongly conditions the atmosphere and biosphere. However the processes are almost entirely unseen, and the dynamics must be inferred from sparse observations. These observations have converged on a picture for magma systems such that they exist in a mushy, or crystal-rich and quasi-static, state for much of their thermal lifetime. This has been documented in a variety of geological environments from ocean islands and large igneous provinces, to convergent margin volcanic chains, to mid-ocean ridge systems.Paradoxically, it has also been confirmed that these mushes can be rapidly mobilized and complexly mixed, sometimes just prior to eruption. And when the crystal mushes are preserved as large plutonic bodies, they display evidence of complex fluid and granular rheological regimes that co-existed simultaneously. Our aim is to identify the fundamental dynamic templates that produce these reoccurring processes in Nature. We will do this by employing the unification of crystal-chemical data and novel computational fluid dynamics modeling tools to reveal the templates which control of emergence of and character of distinct magmatic episodes. Our field area will be the 1868 lava flows of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, where we will identify distinct populations of magmatic products, and by utilizing the discrete element method computational fluid dynamics approach we can create synthetic populations and identify what the dynamic controls are on their occurance.