EAGER: Gender And Archaeological Research Grant Submissions

性别偏见，无论是故意的还是无意的，都违反了美国的基本原则，本项目的目标是确定在考古学的某个方面是否存在这种偏见，如果存在，如何补救。在2013年春天，美国考古学会（SAA）成立了性别和研究补助金提交率工作组，因为高级（博士后）的比率存在明显差异。由男性和女性向NSF和Wenner-Gren人类学研究基金会的考古学项目提交提案。尽管在过去几年（2009-2011年），国家科学基金的男女申请成功率大致相当（妇女提交的申请成功率为35%，男子为33%），但妇女提交的申请数量是男子的一半（在这三年期间，妇女提交了270份申请，男子为542份）。考虑到有记录显示，在职业生涯早期和中期的学者中，从事学术考古学的女性比例有所增加，申请人中女性占33%的比例似乎很低。此外，在NSF提交的博士论文改进赠款金中，男女比例均等。Wenner-Gren基金的统计数据显示，在他们的博士学位后也存在同样的差距。资助考古学，但不是在其他人类学分支学科。国家科学基金会资助生物人类学和文化人类学的统计数据同样显示，男女提交率没有差别。这个项目将检查和整合各种数据源，以确定：1）是否有一个真实的问题，在研究补助金的提交，以及2）如果它是一个问题，是否有建议，将解决问题（S）。该项目使用多种信息来源，包括来自美国人类学协会和SAA进行的成员调查的人口统计数据;来自NSF和NEH的资助提案的公开记录的详细数据; Wenner-Gren和国家地理学会收集的资助和未资助提案的数据，以及来自NSF的提交数据样本;和采访后博士妇女在学术考古，以确定他们的战略，资助考古研究，以及他们进行的研究种类。在智力上，该项目将有助于考古学中的妇女研究，更广泛地说，有助于科学中的妇女研究。 虽然这个项目的重点是一个趋势，最初似乎是独特的考古学，这一趋势实际上可能反映了更广泛的研究关注科学中的性别差异。根据项目结果，更广泛的影响包括向专业组织和研究资助者提出潜在的政策改革建议。可能没有申请或没有重新申请补助金的妇女可能对申请/重新申请赠款金更有信心，因此扩大了供资考虑的提案库。计划中的项目网站将以方便用户的方式更广泛地传播研究成果。最后，将编写一系列报告和出版物，详细介绍项目的调查结果。

Gender bias, whether purposeful or inadvertent violates basic American principles and the goal of this project is to determine whether in one aspect of archaeology such bias exists and if so how it may be remedied. In Spring 2013, the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) created the Task Force on Gender and Rates of Research Grant Submissions because of an apparent disparity in the rates of senior (post-Ph.D.) proposal submissions by males and females to archaeology programs at both NSF and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. Although success rates of men and women to NSF over the past few years (2009-2011) were roughly equal (35% of applications submitted by women were successful, compared to 33% from men), the number of submissions from women were half that of men (270 women submitted applications over this three-year period compared to 542 men). Given the documented increase in the proportion of women in academic archaeology among early and mid-career academics, this 33% representation of women in the applicant pool seems low. Moreover, submissions for doctoral dissertation improvement grants at NSF are evenly divided between men and women. Statistics for Wenner-Gren funding note the same disparity in their post-Ph.D. funding in archaeology, though not in other anthropology sub-disciplines. Statistics for NSF funding in biological anthropology and cultural anthropology similarly show no difference in submission rates by men and women. This project will examine and integrate a variety of data sources to determine: 1) whether or not there is a real problem in research grant submissions, and 2) if it is a problem, whether there are recommendations that will address the problem(s). This project uses multiple sources of information, including demographic data from the American Anthropological Association and member surveys conducted by SAA; detailed data from publicly available records of funded proposals from NSF and NEH; data on funded and unfunded proposals collected by Wenner-Gren and National Geographic Society, as well as a sample of submission data from NSF; and interviews with post-PhD women in academic archaeology to determine their strategies for funding archaeological research, as well as the kinds of research they undertake. Intellectually, the project will contribute to research on women in archaeology, and more broadly, to research on women in science. Although this project focuses on a trend that initially appears unique to archaeology, the trend may in fact reflect wider research concerns on gender disparities in science. Based on the project results, broader impacts include potential policy change recommendations to professional organizations and research funders. Women who may not have applied or have not reapplied for grant funding may feel more confident in applying/reapplying for grants, therefore expanding the pool of proposals considered for funding. The planned project website will allow wider dissemination of the research results in a user-friendly format. Finally, a series of reports and publications will be prepared to share the project findings in detail.