Efficient numerical investigation of flow control on wind turbine rotors under realistic conditions

研究重点的共同目标是通过实验和数值手段改进风力发电机组负荷控制方案的设计和计算方法。除了详细的高保真CFD模拟外，在项目的第一阶段，还开发了工程级设计工具，这些工具可以进行参数调查或认证，例如模拟不同的流量控制概念。此外，这些工具还用于将风洞试验的实验结果投影到实际尺寸的风力涡轮机上。在PP1中，建立并验证了风力机转子流控气动弹性非定常仿真工具链。在考虑实际入流条件和气动弹性效应的情况下，研究了不同流动控制技术的性能和可行性。然而，在将该技术集成到复杂的风力涡轮机系统中之前，负载控制应用的许多其他方面需要进一步研究。为了真实地评估主动和被动流动控制的性能和潜力，不仅需要进行真实的非定常空气动力学、流入和结构仿真，还需要进行真实的风力机控制器仿真。由于风力涡轮机通常聚集在大型风电场中，尾迹-转子相互作用对流动控制性能的影响，以及流动控制解决方案对连续涡轮机的负载和产量的影响也将在拟议的延长中得到解决。为了实现仿真工具的可行性，将在以下方面扩展其功能：第一步将扩展空气动力学模型，采用先进的动态失速模型，该模型还可以捕获襟翼运动的动态升力响应。为了能够研究流量控制元件之间的相互作用，它们的控制以及与主风力机控制器产生的负载变化，风力机控制器将集成在仿真环境中。此外，该规范还将进行扩展，以便能够模拟风电场中风力涡轮机之间的相互作用以及这种尾迹与涡轮机之间的相互作用对不同负荷控制系统的可行性和性能的影响。在继续发展的过程中，计算效率将是一个重点，因为有必要模拟大量的负载情况，以充分解决风力涡轮机转子负载控制的可行性和性能。

The common goal of the research focus is the improvement of design and calculation methods for wind turbine load control solutions through experimental and numerical means. In addition to detailed high fidelity CFD simulations, engineering level design tools, which allow for parametric investigations or certification like simulations of different flow control concepts were developed during the first project phase. Additionally these tools are also used to project experimentally obtained results from wind tunnel tests to real size wind turbines. In PP1, a toolchain for the aero-elastic and unsteady simulation of flow control equipped wind turbine rotors has been established and validated. Successively the performance and feasibility of different flow control technologies considering realistic inflow conditions and aero elastic effects was investigated. However, many additional aspects of load control applications need further investigation before this technology can be integrated in the complex wind turbine system. To realistically asses the performance and potential of active and passive flow control, advanced simulations that not only include realistic unsteady aerodynamics, inflow and structural, but also realistic wind turbine controllers, shall be carried out. As wind turbines are often clustered in large windfarms, the effects of wake-rotor interactions on flow control performance, and the effect of flow control solutions on the loads and yield of successive turbines are questions that will also be addressed within the proposed prolongation. To achieve such feasibility for the simulation tools the functionality will be extended around the following aspects: In a first step the aerodynamic model will be extended with an advanced dynamic stall model, which also captures the dynamic lift response of flap movement. To enable the investigation of the interaction between flow control elements, their control and the resulting load changes with the main wind turbine controller, wind turbine controllers will be integrated in the simulation environment. Furthermore the code will be extended such that the mutual interaction between wind turbines in a wind park and the effects of this wake-turbine interaction on the feasibility and performance of different load control systems can be simulated. A focus during the continuation of development will be set on computational efficiency, as it is necessary to simulate a large amount of load cases to fully address the feasibility and performance of load control on wind turbine rotors.