A National Data Program for the Social Sciences: The General Social Survey and International Social Survey Programme

摘要国家社会科学数据计划：综合社会调查（NDPSS:GSS）是一项社会指标、基础设施和数据扩散计划。它有四个目标。它收集有关美国社会的数据，以监测和解释总体和个人层面上的态度、行为和属性的趋势。它研究一般社会的结构和功能以及各个子群体的作用。它提供了美国和其他国家之间的比较，以便从比较的角度看待美国社会，并发展出可推广的、跨国的人类社会模型。它使学者、学生和其他人能够快速、免费地轻松获取高质量的数据。这些目标是通过定期收集和分发综合社会调查（GSS）和国际社会调查计划（ISSP）中的相关调查来实现的。自1972年以来，GSS和ISSP被世界各地的社会科学家和其他人有效地收集、广泛分发和广泛分析。25 000多份研究出版物利用了GSS/ISSP，它们对社会科学的每一个领域都作出了贡献。例如，他们通过研究总体上的代际转移和社会流动性，以及研究教育和知识的代际变化，对群体效应有了深入的了解。它们监测了群体间关系、性别角色、家庭结构和价值观、公民自由以及全球化对国家特性的影响等方面的变化。GSS/ISSP数据用于其他科学领域，如环境科学、纳米技术、极地科学、计算机/信息科学以及医学和卫生。政府、非营利组织和大众媒体也广泛使用GSS/ISSP数据。在教育方面，超过2000本教科书和教学手册使用GSS/ISSP，每年有数十万学生使用。2016年和2018年的GSS和4轮ISSP（2015年至2018年）将继续基本的NDPSS:GSS使命，在国际和专题模块以及后续研究中平衡复制以衡量社会变化的方法和实质性创新。计划对过去的调查和创新进行扩展。它们包括:1)将GSS案例的联系扩展到国家死亡指数；2)增加一个新的雇主超网络样本；3)通过一个安全的数据飞地使受限制的GSS数据更容易获得；4)增强GSS网站的可用性和功能；5)应用多层次、多来源的方法来收集和分析数据；6)在社交媒体使用和互联网安全/隐私问题等领域增加与互联网相关的模块；将互联网GSS调查与标准GSS调查进行比较的严格实验。

AbstractThe National Data Program for the Social Sciences:General Social Survey (NDPSS:GSS) is a social indicators, infrastructure, and data-diffusion program. It has four aims. It gathers data on American society to monitor and explain trends in attitudes, behaviors and attributes at both the aggregate and individual levels. It examines the structure and functioning of society in general and the role of various sub-groups. It provides comparisons between the United States and other nations in order to view American society in comparative perspective and to develop generalizable, cross-national models of human society. It makes high-quality data easily accessible to scholars, students, and others expeditiously and without charge. These aims are accomplished by the regular collection and distribution of the General Social Survey (GSS) and its allied surveys in the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). Since 1972, the GSS and ISSP have been efficiently collected, widely distributed, and extensively analyzed by social scientists and others around the world. Over 25,000 research publications have utilized the GSS/ISSP and they have contributed to every field in the social sciences. For example, they have advanced understanding of cohort effects by examining intergenerational transferences in general and social mobility and studying intergenerational changes in education and knowledge. They have monitored changes in intergroup relations, gender roles, family structure and values, civil liberties and the impact of globalization on national identity. GSS/ISSP data are used in other science fields, such as environmental science, nanotechnology, polar science, computer/information science, and medical science and health. The GSS/ISSP data are also used extensively by government, non-profit organizations, and the mass media. In education, over 2,000 textbooks and teaching manuals utilize the GSS/ISSP and it is used annually by hundreds of thousands students.The 2016 and 2018 GSSs and the four ISSP rounds (2015 through 2018) will continue the basic NDPSS:GSS mission, balancing replication to measure societal change with both methodological and substantive innovation in both the international and topical modules and follow-up studies. Extensions from past surveys and innovations are planned. They include: 1) extending the linkage of GSS cases to the National Death Index, 2) adding a new hypernetwork sample of employers, 3) making restricted GSS data more available via a secure data enclave, 4) enhancing the usability and functionality of the GSS website, 5) applying the multi-level, multi-source approach to data collection and analysis, 6) adding Internet-related modules on such areas as social-media use and Internet security/privacy issues, and 7) designing an extensive, rigorous experiment comparing an Internet GSS survey to the standard GSS.