SHINE: Observational Constraints on Wave Heating of the Corona

这个为期3年的SHINE项目旨在通过将研究分析扩展到包括安静的太阳区域和日冕洞羽流来研究日冕的波致加热。 目前，缺乏观测结果来解决波是否可以加热整个日冕的争论，或者需要调用其他加热机制。 项目小组将使用光谱线剖面测量来推断各种结构内的波能，并确定它是否足以加热日冕。 该项目将使几个教育更广泛的影响。 项目组将参加哥伦比亚大学暑期研究项目，在该项目中，初高中科学教师参与科学研究。 该计划对教师和学生产生了重大的积极影响。 数据显示，教师参与该项目后，他们的学生在纽约州立大学科学考试中的通过率提高了10.1%。鉴于纽约市人口的多样性，该项目对代表性不足的群体的教育产生了很大影响。 项目期间的大部分分析将由一名博士后研究科学家进行，他将在太阳物理学和相关技术的各个领域积累经验。 本科研究参与也是预期的，学生将通过哥伦比亚天文系获得课程学分。 该项目的研究和EPO议程支持AGS部门在发现、学习、多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。该SHINE项目旨在推断日冕中的波幅，并确定阻尼率如何随等离子体性质、不均匀性和磁几何形状而变化，从而限制波的阻尼机制。 一些耗散的波能似乎加热了日冕中的次要离子。 已经开发了许多数值模型来描述可以通过湍流或波粒相互作用将能量转移到离子的过程。 预测的离子加热速率取决于特定的能量传递机制以及波功率的频率分布。 因此，离子温度数据约束了离子加热的理论，并且还提供了对波谱的洞察。 该项目团队将测量安静的太阳日冕和羽流中的离子温度，建立在以前NSF资助的项目中开发的新技术基础上。 该项目的结果预计将提供现有的离子加热理论的关键测试。 准确的离子温度也需要用于波振幅的分析。 通过自洽地确定温度和波幅，项目团队将获得这两个量的准确测量值。 这些对于证明或反驳现有的日冕波加热机制至关重要。

This 3-year SHINE project aims to investigate the wave-induced heating of the solar corona by extending the research analysis to include quiet Sun regions and coronal hole plumes. Currently, there is a dearth of observational results to resolve the debate over whether waves can heat the entire solar corona, or other heating mechanisms need to be invoked. The project team will use spectroscopic line-profile measurements to infer the wave energy within various structures and determine if it is sufficient for heating of the solar corona. The project will enable several educational broader impacts. The project team will take part in the Columbia University Summer Research Program, in which middle and high school science teachers participate in scientific research. This program has a substantial positive impact on the teachers and their students. After teachers participate in the program, data show a 10.1% increase in the pass rate of their students on the New York State Regents science exam. Given the diverse population of New York City, this program has a high impact on the education of underrepresented groups. Most of the analysis during the project will be conducted by a postdoctoral research scientist who will develop experience in diverse areas of solar physics and related techniques. Undergraduate research participation is also expected, for which the students will receive course credit through the Columbia Astronomy Department. The research and EPO agenda of this project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.This SHINE project aims to infer the wave amplitudes in the solar corona and determine how the damping rate varies with plasma properties, inhomogeneity, and magnetic geometry, thereby constraining the damping mechanism for the waves. Some of the dissipated wave energy appears to heat the minor ions in the solar corona. Numerous numerical models have been developed to describe processes that could transfer energy to the ions via turbulence or wave-particle interactions. The predicted ion heating rate depends on both the specific energy transfer mechanism as well as the frequency distribution of wave power. Thus, the ion temperature data constrain theories of the ion heating and also provide insight into the wave spectrum. The project team will measure the ion temperatures in the quiet Sun corona and in plumes, building on the novel techniques developed during previous NSF-funded projects. The results of this project are expected to provide critical tests of the existing ion-heating theories. Accurate ion temperatures are also needed for the analysis of wave amplitudes. By determining the temperature and wave amplitudes self-consistently, the project team will obtain accurate measurements of both quantities. These are crucial for proving, or disproving, the existing wave-heating mechanisms of the solar corona.