SHINE: Instabilities Driven by Anisotropic Ion and Electron Beams in the Solar Wind: Analytical Theory, Numerical Simulations, and In-Situ Observations

这个为期3年的SHINE项目旨在应用一种基本方法来解决太阳风中各向异性离子束和电子束驱动的等离子体不稳定性，并提高我们对微观不稳定性的总体理解。该项目将结合线性和非线性效应的分析，并在理论、数值模拟和观测方面的专家之间建立多学科合作，与许多等离子体系统相关。该研究项目将支持两名处于职业生涯早期阶段的年轻研究人员和一名本科生。项目团队将与新罕布什尔大学的“向上发展”项目中的当地学校合作，该项目旨在帮助来自低收入家庭的高中生和/或第一代有潜力的大学生在高等教育中取得成功。这次活动将为学生们提供一个探索空间科学领域的独特机会。该项目的研究和EPO议程支持AGS部门在发现、学习、多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。SHINE项目是一个综合的、多学科的四步研究计划，旨在通过分析理论、数值研究和现场观测来阐明太阳风中离子和电子分布函数中各向异性与光束之间的相互作用。项目团队将在先前开发的方法的基础上，制定太阳风中各向异性和光束离子和电子不稳定阈值的广义理论。热等离子体色散关系的数值解将允许项目团队验证分析结果。项目活动将包括混合模拟，以研究离子不稳定性的非线性演化。在电子驱动不稳定性的情况下，一个完整的细胞内粒子代码将有助于研究小组研究等离子体和激发波的非线性演化。该项目的理论和数值结果将与太阳风的等离子体和波动特性的观测结果进行比较。该项目的工作将集中在回答以下关键科学问题：是什么决定了太阳风中各向异性离子和电子束驱动的不稳定性的阈值和非线性演化？这个问题的答案对太阳物理学界至关重要，因为物理驱动的太阳风模型严重依赖于对调控离子和电子分布函数中非热特征的相关微物理过程的详细理解。

This 3-year SHINE project aims to apply a fundamental approach to tackle plasma instabilities driven by anisotropic ion and electron beams in the solar wind, and to improve our understanding of micro-instabilities in general. The project will combine the analysis of linear and nonlinear effects, and create a multidisciplinary collaboration among experts in theory, numerical simulation, and observation, with relevance to many plasma systems. The research project will support two young researchers in early phases of their careers and one undergraduate student. The project team will engage local schools within the University of New Hampshire's Upward Bound program, which is designed to help high-school students from low-income families and/or first-generation potential college students succeed in higher education. This activity will provide the students with a unique opportunity to explore the field of space science. The research and EPO agenda of this project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.This SHINE project involves an integrated and multidisciplinary four-step research program to elucidate the interplay between anisotropies and beams in the distribution functions of both ions and electrons in the solar wind by means of analytical theory, numerical studies, and in-situ observations. The project team will formulate a generalized theory for the instability thresholds of anisotropic and beamed ions and electrons in the solar wind by building on previously developed methods. Numerical solutions of the hot-plasma dispersion relation will allow the project team to verify the analytical findings. The project activities will include hybrid simulations to investigate the nonlinear evolution of the ion instabilities. In the case of electron-driven instabilities, a full particle-in-cell code will help the team investigate the nonlinear evolution of the plasma and the excited waves. The theoretical and numerical results from this project will be compared with observations of plasma and wave properties in the solar wind. The project efforts will be focused on answering the following key scientific question: what determines the thresholds and nonlinear evolution of instabilities driven by anisotropic ion and electron beams in the solar wind? The answer to this question is of paramount interest to the heliophysics community, since physics-driven solar-wind models critically depend on a detailed understanding of the relevant microphysical processes that regulate non-thermal features in the ion and electron distribution functions.