Collaborative Research: Semi-Active Controlled Cladding Panels for Multi-Hazard Resilient Buildings

建筑立面通常由放置在结构外围的覆层组成。传统上，覆层的目的是为居住者提供建筑包络和保护，使其免受外部元素的影响。这一研究项目的目标是将覆层系统重新思考为多功能结构单元。覆层不仅将用于其传统用途，而且还将被用作工程系统，以保护结构免受多种危险，包括地震、风和爆炸荷载。包层既是外部施加的横向载荷(如风和爆炸)的应用点，也是地震或风致振动的附加惯性的贡献者。本项目将探索使用半主动控制连接之间的覆层和建筑物的结构框架-这些连接将能够提供可变的阻尼，以减轻极端荷载的影响。该项目的结果将利用建筑物上的覆层来增强结构对多种危险的弹性。建筑和结构工程领域未来将需要在覆层设计方面进行合作，本项目的重点是开发安装在覆层和结构框架之间的原型半主动减振装置的计算模拟，以应对多种危险情况下不同的加载频率和强度。该系统的目标有两个：(1)将覆层用作质量阻尼器，以减少由于横向荷载振动引起的层间漂移；(2)在横向荷载作用下，将该装置用作能量耗散器。将开发一种具有分散控制律的创新的半主动装置，以满足与每种危险相关的不同的能量消耗和控制目标。研究小组将对带有半主动减振装置的现实建筑进行高级非线性数值模拟，以评估影响控制规律和装置性能的各种参数。这些模拟将通过实验室中的大规模实验进行验证。这些实验将包括风和地震载荷的实时混合模拟，这些模拟考虑了整个建筑系统及其与半主动减振装置和覆层的相互作用。将进行空气爆炸激波管试验，以模拟爆炸载荷。将建立基于性能的设计程序，将半主动覆层的设计纳入整体结构设计方法。

Building facades typically consist of cladding that is placed on the outside perimeter of the structure. Traditionally, cladding serves purposes of providing architectural envelope and protection to the occupants from the outside elements. The goal of this research project is to rethink cladding systems as multi-functional structural units. Not only would the cladding serve its traditional purposes, but it would also be engaged as an engineered system to protect the structure against multiple hazards, including seismic, wind, and blast loads. Cladding serves both as the point of application of externally applied lateral loads such as wind and blast as well as a contributor of added inertia to seismic or wind-induced vibrations. This project will explore the use of semi-active controlled connections between cladding and the structural framing of a building - these connections will be capable of providing variable damping to mitigate the effects of extreme loading. The results of the project will engage the cladding on a building to enhance a structure's resilience to multiple hazards. The professions of architecture and structural engineering will need to collaborate in design of cladding in the future.The focus of this project is to develop computational simulation of a prototype semi-active damping device, installed between the cladding and structural frame, to the varying loading frequencies and intensities from multiple hazards. The objective of the system is twofold: (1) to engage the cladding as a mass damper to mitigate inter-story drift due to lateral load vibrations; and (2) to utilize the device as an energy dissipator under lateral loads. An innovative semi-active device with decentralized control laws will be developed to satisfy the varying energy dissipation and control objectives associated with each hazard. The research team will perform advanced nonlinear numerical simulations of realistic buildings with semi-active damping devices to assess the various parameters that influence the control laws and performance of the devices. The simulations will be validated through large-scale experiments in the laboratory. The experiments will include real-time hybrid simulations for wind and seismic loading that account for the complete building system and its interactions with the semi-active damping devices and cladding. Air-blast shock tube tests will be conducted to simulate blast loading. Performance-based design procedures will be established to integrate the design of semi-active cladding within a holistic structural design approach.