Unraveling the Unique Properties of Transient Discharges in Bubbles and Liquid Water

这个项目的重点是了解等离子体与液体相互作用时反应物质的产生。液体中的等离子体和与液体接触的等离子体是等离子体科学中最令人兴奋和最重要的知识前沿之一，具有广泛的应用前景，从环境修复和绿色化学到生物医学应用。等离子体与液体的复杂相互作用提供了丰富的短寿命化学反应物质来源，其中许多对化学和生物应用至关重要。等离子体通常被认为是一种用于液体废物处理的高级氧化技术，在饮用水中药物的破坏方面也有很大的前景。这些药物在供水系统中的存在日益引起公众的关注，在一些情况下，没有替代技术可以将它们从饮用水中去除。此外，等离子体在液体中可用于过氧化氢、氢甚至纳米粒子的环保化学合成。与电解或其他化学过程相比，从水中生产氢和过氧化氢的能源效率更高，这将是向前迈出的重要一步。纳米粒子在先进材料科学的背景下也可能强烈地影响越来越多地使用复杂纳米结构材料的能源研究。由于能源效率通常是液体等离子体应用的瓶颈，因此更好地了解这些等离子体中的反应物质产生是导致基于液体等离子体技术突破的必要步骤。迄今为止，由于缺乏等离子体特性与等离子体诱导液相化学之间的定量相关性，阻碍了液体中等离子体领域的进展。该项目的关键思想是通过纳秒脉冲高压电源在针针电极几何结构中在液态水中产生非平衡等离子体丝。这提供了一个极好的控制等离子体动力学，并允许详细的研究稳定的等离子体灯丝。通过结合先进的激光诊断技术，研究了短寿命反应物质的产生机制，并在时间和空间上进行了解决。此外，等离子体诱导的液体反应性将被测量，等离子体化学和液相化学之间的直接联系将被建立。预计这将导致必要的知识，以优化和建立许多有前途的应用程序，如上所述。本项目为培养等离子体工程跨学科领域的学生和博士后提供了条件。这项工作的成果将用于扩展现有的等离子体技术研究生课程，以涵盖非平衡液相等离子体，包括实验室演示。在该项目的框架内，将开始与明尼苏达科学博物馆合作，建立一个关于等离子体的展览。

This project is focused on the understanding of the production of reactive species when plasmas interact with liquids. Plasmas in and in contact with liquids are one of the most exciting and important intellectual frontiers in plasma science, with broad potential applications ranging from environmental remediation and green chemistry to biomedical applications. The complex interaction of plasmas with liquids offers a rich source of short-lived chemically reactive species, many of which are critical for chemical and biological applications. Plasmas are often considered to be an advanced oxidation technology for liquid waste treatment and also have great promise in the destruction of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. The presence of these pharmaceuticals in the water supply is an increasing public concern and for several cases no alternative technologies exist to remove them from drinking water. In addition, plasmas in liquids can be used for environmentally friendly chemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen and even nanoparticles. Producing hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide from water with better energy efficiency than electrolysis or other chemical processes would be a major step forward. The nanoparticles in the context of advanced material science could also strongly affect energy research that increasingly uses complex nanostructured materials. Since energy efficiency is often a bottleneck for applications of plasmas in liquids, a better understanding of the reactive species production in these plasmas is the necessary step to lead to a breakthrough in technologies based on plasmas in liquids. To date, progress in the field of plasmas in liquids has been hindered by the lack of quantitative correlations between plasma properties and the plasma induced liquid phase chemistry. The key idea of this project is to generate a non-equilibrium plasma filament in liquid water by a nanosecond pulsed high voltage supply in a needle-needle electrode geometry. This offers an excellent control of the plasma dynamics and allows detailed investigation of a stabilized plasma filament. The short-lived reactive species production mechanisms will be investigated both temporally and spatially resolved by a combination of advanced laser diagnostics. In addition, plasma induced liquid reactivity will be measured and a direct link between plasma chemistry and liquid phase chemistry will be established. This is expected to lead to the necessary knowledge for optimizing and establishing many promising applications as stated above. This project enables education of students and a post-doctoral researcher in the cross-disciplinary field of plasma engineering. The outcomes of this work will be used to extend an existing graduate course on Plasma Technology to cover non-equilibrium liquid phase plasmas including laboratory demonstrations. Within the framework of the project, collaboration with the Science Museum of Minnesota will be initiated to establish an exhibit about plasmas.