Synthesis of New Heavy Nuclei using Multi-Nucleon transfer Reactions

大多数原子核都是不稳定的，寿命有限。理解远离稳定性的原子核的结构和确定最重元素的极限是一项令人兴奋的挑战，并导致使用热聚变和冷聚变技术以及放射性束流生产具有多达118个质子的原子核。该奖项将使用多核子转移技术来合成新的鳗系元素核。研究人员还将测量最重原子核的性质和产生机制，以了解这些原子核的性质和行为，并协助对超重元素的稳定性、结构和产生进行理论预测。该项目将有助于研究生和博士后学者的教育。对科学家进行的核和放射化学方面的培训满足了一个明确的、经常提到的国家需要，即重振核和放射化学。这项研究有三个阶段：(A)调查在208Pb附近地区使用多核子转移(MNT)反应来测试这些反应的模型并制造新的核。这些研究将在伽马斯层(136Xe+208Pb和136Xe、238U+198Pt)上进行厚靶实验。在前一个实验中，一个是对处理MNT反应的萨格勒巴耶夫和格雷纳形式论进行了独特的严格检验，而后一个反应处理的是使N=126核(B)的最佳方法，以研究测试MNT的电流模型的低Z榄系元素核的产生。这将涉及：(A)通过束内光谱分析和离线分析确定132Xe+233U反应产生的15-30个阿尔法发射核产物；(B)研究192Os+197Au反应产生的类似产物；(C)研究利用136Xe+248Cm和232Th+248Cm等转移反应在稳定极限下产生奇异的富含中子的鳗系元素核的情况。将生产几种新的富含N的Fm、Cm和Cf同位素。

Most nuclei are unstable and have limited lifetimes. Understanding the structure of nuclei far from stability and defining the limits of the heaviest elements has been an exciting challenge and has led to the production of nuclei with as many as 118 protons using both hot and cold fusion techniques as well as radioactive beams. This award will use the multi-nucleon transfer technique to synthesize new actinide nuclei. The investigators will also measure the properties and production mechanisms of the heaviest nuclei to understand the nature and behavior of these nuclei, and to assist theoretical predictions for the stability, structure and production of super-heavy elements. The project will contribute to the education of graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. The training of scientists in nuclear and radiochemistry fulfills a well-articulated, frequently stated national need, the re-vitalization of nuclear and radiochemistry.There are three phases of the research: (a) to investigate the use of multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions in the region near 208Pb to test models of these reactions and to make new nuclei. These investigations are to be done with thick target experiments at Gammasphere (136Xe + 208Pb and 136Xe, 238U + 198Pt). In the former experiment, one is making a unique rigorous test of the Zagrebaev and Greiner formalism for treating MNT reactions while the latter reactions deal with the best way to make N=126 nuclei (b) to study the production of lower Z actinide nuclei testing current models of MNT. This will involve the identification of 15-30 alpha-emitting nuclear products from the 132Xe + 233U reaction by in-beam spectroscopy and off-line analysis and a study of similar products from the 192Os + 197Au reaction and (c) to study the production of exotic neutron-rich actinide nuclei at the limits of stability using transfer reactions such as 136Xe+ 248Cm and 232Th + 248Cm. Several new n-rich isotopes of Fm, Cm, and Cf will be produced.