UNS: Collaborative Research: Role of Bristled Wings for Flying and Swimming at Low Reynolds Numbers

1512071（Santhanakrishnan）1511427（米勒）拟议项目的重点是探索使小型昆虫能够产生升力和产生推力的流体动力学原理。当小昆虫的翅膀在拍打运动中拍打在一起，然后又分开时，人们会认为飞行效率不高，但它确实如此。解决这一悖论可能会产生重大的科学和技术影响，因为我们还可以设计出利用这种现象的机械，比如在流体-空气界面上移动的小型机器人车辆。该提案的重点是理解当直立翅膀（如小型昆虫的翅膀）产生升力时所涉及的现象。虽然在果蝇和更大规模的昆虫飞行的空气动力学原理是相当好的理解，流体动力学机制，使非常微小的昆虫产生升力或推力仍然不清楚。当翅膀在拍动的上升冲程结束时合在一起，而在下降冲程开始时分开时，会发生一些新的现象。在这项工作的基本调查将集中在一个特别有趣的悖论：为什么有一个值得注意的生物偏好，在几乎所有的微小昆虫采用相互作用的刚毛翅膀在高粘性的条件下，将需要很大的力量剥离翅膀分开？建议开发三维多孔弹性模型来研究使用刚毛附件的运动。将检查两种昆虫（蓟马和寄生蜂），它们能够在空中飞行和在水中游泳。该提案中的实验还将使用机器人翼-翼交互平台，该平台具有动态缩放的刚毛翼模型，这些模型通过微小昆虫的高速视频获得信息。机翼设计和运动学扑在低Re的推进将通过数值模拟实验验证多孔弹性机翼模型中实施的浸没边界法框架。研究生和本科生参与研究的建议。少数民族学生的参与将通过路易斯·斯托克斯少数民族参与联盟（LSAMP）计划在这两个机构进行。还描述了参加俄克拉荷马州州立大学国家实验室日年度活动的高中学生和教师的外联活动。

1512071(Santhanakrishnan) & 1511427(Miller)The focus of the proposed project is to explore the fluid dynamic principles that enable small insects to generate lift and produce thrust. When the wings of small insects clap together during the flapping motion and then fling apart, there is the expectation that flight would not be efficient, but it is. Resolving this paradox can have a significant scientific and technological impact, because we could also design machinery that takes advantage of such phenomena like small robotic vehicles that move across fluid-air interfaces.The proposal is focused on the understanding of the phenomena involved when bristled wings, like those of small insects generate lift. Although the aerodynamic principles of insect flight at the scale of fruit flies and above are reasonably well understood, the fluid dynamic mechanisms that enable very tiny insects to generate lift or thrust remain unclear. When the wings clap together at the end of the upstroke of the flapping motion and fling apart at the start of the downstroke, there are novel phenomena that take place. The fundamental investigation in this work will be focused on a particularly intriguing paradox: why is there a noted biological preference in almost all tiny insects to employ interacting bristled wings under highly viscous conditions that would require large forces to peel the wings apart? It is proposed to develop 3D poroelastic models to study locomotion using bristled appendages. Two types of insects will be examined (thrips and parasitoid wasps), which are capable of flying in air and swimming in water. The experiments in this proposal will also use robotic wing-wing interaction platforms with dynamically scaled bristled wing models informed by high-speed videos of tiny insects. Wing design and kinematics for flapping propulsion at low Re will be identified through numerical simulations of experimentally validated poroelastic wing models implemented in an immersed boundary method framework. Graduate and undergraduate student involvement in the research is proposed. Minority student participation will be pursued through the Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) program at both institutions. Outreach activities for high school students and teachers participating in the Oklahoma State University National Lab Day annual event are also described.