Doctoral Dissertation Research: Return Migration and Post-Conflict Governance

内战造成的暴力迫使数百万人逃离家园。虽然学者们已经证明了这些人口流动是如何扩散和加剧冲突的，但返回移徙被认为是一个纯粹的后勤问题。一旦战争结束，人们就会回到家里，从他们离开的地方开始。然而，从南苏丹到伊拉克和卢旺达的冲突后社会，回返人口与非移民人口之间的冲突几乎是一个普遍存在的问题。为什么通常是和平与稳定程度提高的标志的返回移徙如此经常地导致冲突？为了理解这个难题，作者提出了一个由两部分组成的理论：首先，内战期间和之后的移民根据个人在战争期间的位置造成了社会分裂，例如那些留下来的人，那些离开并返回的人，以及那些离开并留在国外的人。第二，这些分歧或多或少会引起反感，这取决于“回返者”和“滞留者”如何与冲突后治理机构，如财产和土地权、语言法和公民身份制度互动。为了检验这一理论，该项目使用政治人种学方法，包括半结构化访谈，文件和档案分析，在布隆迪的主要案例。然后，作者使用比较案例研究来展示该理论如何在内战背景下发挥作用。冲突后国家建设的国际干预已成为国际舞台上日益引人注目的问题。然而，由于对战后不断变化的暴力来源缺乏了解，例如由于移徙造成的暴力，阻碍了制定有效的政策解决办法。通过解释内战的一个经常被忽视但又无处不在的后果-流离失所者的回返-如何影响冲突后社区，该项目将对内战后的暴力动态产生更全面的说明，并有助于推动冲突后建设和平的研究和实践。

Violence wrought by civil war forces millions of people to flee their homes. While scholars have demonstrated how these population movements can spread and exacerbate conflict, return-migration is assumed to be a purely logistical issue. Once the war is over, people will simply return home and pick up where they left off. Yet, conflict between returning and non-migrant populations is a nearly ubiquitous issue for post-conflict societies from South Sudan to Iraq and Rwanda. Why does return-migration -- usually a sign of increased peace and stability -- so often lead to conflict? To understand this puzzle, the author develops a two part theory: first that migration during and after civil war creates social divisions based on where individuals were during the war, e.g. those that stayed, those who left and returned, and those who left and remain abroad. Second, these divisions become more or less invidious depending on how "returnees" and "stayees" interact with post-conflict governing institutions, such as property and land rights, language laws, and citizenship regimes. To test this theory, the project uses political ethnographic methods, including semi-structured interviews, documents and archive analysis, in the primary case of Burundi. The author then uses comparative case studies to demonstrate how the theory works across civil war contexts. International intervention for post-conflict statebuilding has become an increasingly high-profile issue on the international scene. However, a lack of understanding about the changing sources of violence after war, for instance as a result of migration, has hindered the development of effective policy solutions. By providing an explanation for how an often-ignored but ubiquitous consequence of civil war -- the return of displaced populations -- affects post-conflict communities, this project will generate a more holistic account of the dynamics of violence after civil war and help advance both the study and the practice of post-conflict peacebuilding.