RESEARCH-PGR: Analysis of Genes Affecting Plant Re

基因工程作物和药物在当今社会中很普遍。 为了有效地改造植物，必须首先将基因插入DNA中，然后必须使含有新DNA的植物生长成熟。对于许多植物来说，这些转化步骤必须克服，以便研究基因功能并设计作物进行遗传改良。该项目使用先进的DNA序列数据库，成像和计算方法来绘制控制基因工程所需的再生和转化过程的基因。该项目开发了新的、更有效的图像采集和分析软件，使许多领域的科学家能够更快速、更精确地研究植物再生和相关过程。与此同时，该项目正在制定一项计划，教育高中教师和学生了解遗传学和基因组学的基础，作为有效宣传转基因作物和食品的重要一步。教育模块将与俄勒冈州州立大学的科学数学调查性学习体验（SMILE）计划合作，作为太平洋西北地区农村和服务不足社区的高中教师和学生的广泛STEM网络的一部分，为教师课程做出贡献。从单细胞再生分化的生物体是功能基因组学和基因工程生物体生产的关键需求。该项目将对控制杨树再生和转化（RT）的基因进行全基因组调查，杨树是对这些性状研究得最好的作物物种之一。将利用杨树广泛的基因组资源，包括丰富的转录组数据库，高质量的参考基因组，以及对1，084个未驯化基因型进行完全重测序的全基因组关联研究（GWAS），这些基因型具有极低的连锁不平衡水平。GWAS群体用于多种性状的基因鉴定的价值，包括与体外再生相关的那些，已经被确立。该项目将确定控制RT的遗传因素，开发基于图像分析的新的表型方法，并开发新的社会科学和教育方法，用于向不同的高中学生和教师教授遗传工程。具体目标是（1）探索各种RT方法以最大化RT反应的变化;（2）开发新的表型学工具，包括图像捕获和可推广的机器视觉系统，以精确地确定体外表型;（3）使用GWAS，映射与RT频率变化相关的等位基因集;研究转基因作物的认知过程，开发案例研究和新教材，将其提供给太平洋西北部的农村和服务不足的社区，并通过出版物、社交媒体和会议分享该项目？的见解和教学模块在国际上。

Genetically engineered crops and medicines are widespread in today's society. To engineer plants effectively, genes must be first inserted into DNA and then plants containing the new DNA must be grown to maturity. For many plants, these steps of transformation must be overcome in order to study gene function and to engineer crops for genetic improvements. This project uses advanced DNA sequence databases, imaging, and computational methods to map the genes that control the process of regeneration and transformation needed for genetic engineering. The project develops new and more efficient image acquisition and analysis software that will enable scientists in many fields to study plant regeneration and related processes more rapidly and precisely. At the same time, the project is developing a program to educate high school teachers and students about the foundation of genetics and genomics as an important step to communicate effectively about genetically engineered crops and food. Educational modules will contribute to teacher curricula in partnership with the Science & Math Investigative Learning Experiences (SMILE) program at Oregon State University as part of an extensive STEM network of high school teachers and students in rural and underserved communities in the Pacific Northwest. Regeneration of differentiated organisms from single cells is a critical need for functional genomics and for the production of genetically engineered organisms. The project will conduct a genome-wide investigation of the genes that control regenerability and transformation (RT) in Populus, which is one of the best studied crop species with respect to these traits. Extensive genomic resources for Populus will be leveraged, including rich transcriptome databases, a high-quality reference genome, and a fully resequenced genome-wide association study (GWAS) population of 1,084 undomesticated genotypes with extremely low levels of linkage disequilibrium. The value of the GWAS population for gene identification for a variety of traits, including those related to in vitro regeneration, has already been established. The project will identify genetic elements that control RT, develop novel phenomic methods based on image analysis, and develop new social science and education methods for teaching about genetic engineering to diverse high school students and teachers. The specific objectives are to (1) explore a variety of RT methods to maximize variation in RT responses; (2) develop new phenomic tools, including an image capture and generalizable machine-vision system, to precisely determine in vitro phenotypes; (3) using GWAS, map sets of alleles that are associated with variation in RT frequency; and (4) study cognitive processes with respect to GE crops, develop case studies and new teaching materials, deliver them to rural and underserved communities in the Pacific Northwest, and through publications, social media, and conferences share the project?s insights and teaching modules internationally.