Calibrateable microwave and millimeter wave measurement techniques for contactless and nondestructive material characterizations

该项目的目标是开发可校准的测量技术，用于微波和毫米波的非接触和非破坏性材料表征。将开发基于反射测量的两个端口的复杂散射参数表征的测量技术。这些测量技术基于传输测量，其中接收天线分别由有源反射器和无源反射器代替。此外，该项目旨在为自由空间应用开发校准方法。在这种情况下，该项目主要侧重于减少校准标准的必要数量。其目的是开发校准方法，而无需在校准过程中进行机械位移。在该项目中，由于小的频移而引起的电长度的变化被用于实现校准标准，而不是机械长度的变化。对于测量技术和校准程序的开发和验证，分别应用了全面的三维电磁仿真。因此，考虑了真实仿真的测量系统和周围环境的影响。除了测量环境的详细仿真外，仿真还基于网络分析仪给出的真实误差网络。基于电磁仿真的几个测量活动的验证开发的测量technology.FMCW雷达系统的适用性在频域中的材料特性进行了基本的考虑。

The objective of this project is the development of calibrateable measurement techniques for contactless and nondestructive material characterization with microwaves and millimeter waves. Measurement techniques for the characterization of complex scattering parameters of two ports based on reflection measurements are to be developed. These measurement techniques are based on transmission measurements, in which the receiving antenna is replaced by active reflectors and passive reflectors, respectively. Additionally, this project aims at the development of calibration methods for free space applications. In this case, the project is mainly focused on the reduction of the necessary number of calibration standards. The aim is the development of calibration methods without the necessity of mechanical displacements during the calibration procedure. Within this project a change of the electrical length due to a small frequency shift is used for the realization of a calibration standard instead of a change of the mechanical length.For the development and the verification of the measurement techniques and the calibration procedures, respectively, comprehensive three dimensional electromagnetic simulations are applied. Thus, influences of the measurement system and the surrounding, which are realistically emulated, are taken into account. In addition to the detailed emulation of the measurement environment, the simulations are based on realistic error networks given by a network analyzer. Based on the electromagnetic simulations serveral measurements campaigns for the verification of the developed measurement techniques are performed.Furthermore, fundamental considerations on the suitability of FMCW radar systems for material characterization in the frequency domain are performed.