INFEWS/T1: Mesoscale Data Fusion to Map and Model the U.S. Food, Energy, and Water (FEW) System

食品、能源和水（FEW）系统是复杂的，易受社会和环境变化的影响，但对国民福祉至关重要。这个项目的主要贡献是创建和开发美国食品、能源和水系统的第一张详细地图。使用这种能力将提高对当地食品、能源和水政策决策和技术如何在整个系统中引起连锁反应的理解（例如，美国城市的电力使用如何影响数百英里外的河流）。政策和技术经常在粮食、能源和水系统之间做出权衡，本项目正在衡量这些权衡，以便在未来的决策中了解和平衡成本和收益。通过研究过去的事件，如干旱、风暴、战争或经济危机如何影响国家的粮食、能源和水系统，该项目正在发展预测未来事件影响的能力。该项目为美国完整的食物-能源-水（FEW）系统的理论进步和科学建模提供了经验基础。该系统主要由中尺度现象组成，其中区域贸易、流域和含水层、灌区、作物带、州、部落、县和市、电网、气候梯度和季节时间尺度在一个动态的、相互联系的耦合的自然-人类系统中相互作用。为了促进对这些相互作用的理解，需要对FEW系统进行可靠和完整的经验描述。这需要一个包含美国消费、生产和双边贸易数据的数据集，并具有分县分辨率。该数据集的回顾版本（包含从20世纪中叶到现在的数据）将作为FEW系统的紧急性能指标、可持续性指标和供应链远程连接的模型网络，以及观察到的系统响应、脆弱性和对压力和冲击的恢复力的历史动态。将收集各种各样的、完全不同的（但大多是预先存在的）经济、气候和环境数据，创建第一个美国食品、能源和水系统的综合经验地图（FEWSion v1.0-US数据库）。这种能力将用于实现四个高价值的科学和建模目标：(1)量化绩效指标和可持续性指标之间的多目标权衡；(2)分析历史敏感性、脆弱性、恢复力和FEW网络的演变，并将其归因于观察到的应力和冲击；(3)确立城市在FEW系统中的作用；(4)提供基于标准的基准评估能力，该能力可用于本次infws招标的第1条（FEW系统建模）和第3条（创新系统解决方案的研究）下授予的其他项目。一个公共在线教育工具利用这些信息可视化个人和地方的决策如何产生环境足迹，以及这些决策如何在整个食品、能源和水系统中产生影响。

The Food, Energy, and Water (FEW) system is complex, vulnerable to societal and environmental changes, yet critical for national well-being. This project's major contribution is to create and exploit the first detailed mapping of the Food, Energy, and Water System of the United States. Using this capability will improve understanding of how local Food, Energy, and Water policy decisions and technologies cause ripple effects throughout the system (for example, how electricity usage in an American city affects rivers hundreds of miles away). Policies and technologies often pose trade-offs between Food, Energy, and Water systems, and this project is measuring those trade-offs so costs and benefits may be understood and balanced in future decisions. By studying how past events like droughts, storms, wars, or economic crises have affected the nation's Food, Energy, and Water System, this project is developing the capacity to anticipate the impacts of future events. The project provides an empirical basis for advances in theory and scientific modeling of the complete food-energy-water (FEW) system of the United States. The system is primarily composed of mesoscale phenomena in which regional trade, river basins and aquifers, irrigation districts, crop belts, states, tribes, counties and cities, power grids, climate gradients, and seasonal timescales interact in a dynamic, inter-connected coupled natural-human system. To advance understanding of these interactions, a reliable and complete empirical description of the FEW system is needed. This requires a dataset containing consumption, production, and bilateral trade data for the United States, with sub-county resolution. A retrospective version of this dataset (containing data from the mid-20th century to the present), will serve as a model network for the FEW system's emergent performance metrics, sustainability metrics, and supply-chain teleconnections, along with observed historical dynamics of system response, vulnerability, and resilience to stresses and shocks. A wide range of diverse and disparate (but mostly pre-existing) economic, climate, and environmental data will be assembled to create the first comprehensive empirical map of the U.S. Food, Energy, and Water system (the FEWSion v1.0-US database). This capability will then be used to achieve four high-value science and modeling objectives: (1) quantify the multiple-objective trade-offs between performance and sustainability metrics, (2) analyze historical sensitivity, vulnerability, resilience, and evolution of the FEW network with attribution to observed stresses and shocks, (3) establish the role of cities within the FEW system, and (4) provide a standards-based benchmarking assessment capability that can be used by other projects awarded under Track 1 (FEW System Modeling) and Track 3 (Research to Enable Innovative System Solutions) of this INFEWS solicitation. A public online educational tool uses this information to visualize how individual and local decisions create environmental footprints, and how those decisions create impacts throughout the food, energy, and water system.