Interference control and inhibition in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)，是一种常见的成人心理障碍，患病率约为。4.4%，通常是一种慢性疾病，与严重的社会结果损害有关。识别神经认知缺陷与ADHD的发病机制有关。ADHD的两个相互竞争的模型指导了神经评分研究：根据Barkley(1997)的观点，ADHD症状是行为抑制的第二种表现，包括缺乏干扰控制和运动抑制，而Nigg等人认为ADHD症状是行为抑制的第二种表现。(2005)将ADHD概念化为运动抑制受损的结果。这是第一次将干扰控制和运动抑制这两个方面结合起来进行研究。此外，最近相互矛盾的发现可能反映了任务负荷的影响：在健康对照组中显示强烈干扰或抑制效应的范式可能会导致地板效应。因此，本研究实现了任务负荷的变化。事件相关电位(错误相关负性和错误相关积极)被用来分解干扰和抑制的缺陷过程。识别与电生理参数相关的特定神经心理缺陷，可能会指导未来的研究，作为ADHD的潜在内表型。

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a frequent psychological disorder in adults with a prevalence rate of approx. 4.4%, is often a chronic condition associated with severe impairments in social outcome. Identifying neurocognitive deficits is relevant for the pathogenesis of ADHD. Two competing models of ADHD guide neuroscognitive research: According to Barkley (1997) ADHD symptoms are a secondary manifestation of behavioral inhibition which comprises aspects of deficient interference control and motor inhibition, whereas Nigg et al. (2005) conceptualize ADHD as a consequence of impaired motor inhibition. For the first time both aspects - interference control and motor inhibition - are investigated in a combined paradigm. In addition, recent contradictory findings might reflect effects of task load: paradigms, which reveal strong interference or inhibition effects in healthy controls, might lead to floor effects. Hence, variation of task load is implemented in the present study. Event related potentials (error-related negativity and error-related positivity) are used to decompose deficient processes of interference and inhibition. Identifying specific neuropsychological deficits, which correlate with electrophysiological parameters, might guide future research as potential endophenotypes of ADHD.