Many-body dynamics of electrons on helium

非技术摘要低维系统，其中粒子被限制在一维或二维，是现代凝聚态物理的主要方向之一。这些系统显示了许多有趣的行为，例如量子霍尔效应，这些行为在三维材料中是不存在的。这些不同寻常的性质也使它们对新设备产生了极大的兴趣，了解这些系统对纳米技术的进步也至关重要。液氦表面的电子是第一个实验发现的二维电子系统。它脱颖而出，是最原始的二维系统，因为这个系统没有缺陷。因此，对它的研究为从两个维度理解主要物理现象铺平了道路，而不会受到缺陷的阻碍。由于没有无序，该系统在开发量子信息科学的硬件方面也有很大的前景。该系统的一个重要优点是可以在很大范围内控制其参数，这使得能够以一致的方式表征系统的各个方面。因此，研究氦表面上的电子为培养学生对基础科学和技术感兴趣提供了一个完美的基础。技术摘要拟议的工作是一项具有双重目标的联合实验和理论工作。一个目标是了解电子动力学的基本方面，这些电子动力学是由氦表面振动的强电子关联和与量子场的相互作用产生的。另一种是利用该系统在控制良好的环境中研究凝聚态物理的基本问题，这些问题在其他系统中由于缺陷而很难获得。为此，拟议的工作将讨论响应共振辐射的电子关联和与玻色场的耦合的相互作用；空间周期静电晶格对电子液体和固体相结构和导电性的变化；以及在空间周期磁场中出现的新效应，应该为深入了解二维系统中自旋-轨道耦合的新方面提供一个新的视角。

Non-Technical AbstractLow-dimensional systems, where particles are confined to one or two dimensions, is one of the major directions of modern condensed matter physics. These systems display many interesting behaviors, such as the quantum Hall effect, that do not occur in three dimensional materials. These unusual properties also make them of great interest for new devices and understanding these systems is also critical for progress in nanotechnology. Electrons on the surface of liquid helium was the first two-dimensional electron system discovered experimentally. It stands out as the most pristine two-dimensional system, as this system has no defects. Therefore studying it paves the way for understanding major physical phenomena in two dimensions without being hindered by imperfections. Because of the lack of disorder, the system is also of significant promise in terms of developing hardware for quantum information science. An important advantageous feature of the system is the possibility to control its parameters in a broad range, which enables characterizing various aspects of the system in a coherent fashion. As such, studying electrons on an helium surface provides a perfect ground for educating students interested in fundamental science and technology.Technical AbstractThe proposed work is a joint experimental and theoretical effort with a dual aim. One goal is to understand the basic aspects of the electron dynamics that result from the strong electron correlations and the interaction with the quantum field of the vibrations of the helium surface. The other is the use of the system to study, in a well-controlled environment, the fundamental problems of condensed-matter physics that are hard to access in other systems because of defects. To this end, the proposed work will address the interplay of electron correlations and the coupling to a bosonic field in the response to resonant radiation; the change of the structure and the conductivity of the electron liquid and solid phases by spatially periodic electrostatic lattices; and the novel effects which emerge in a spatially periodic magnetic field and should provide an insight into new aspects of spin-orbit coupling in two-dimensional systems.