RAPID: Civil Infrastructure and Reconstruction Efforts following Hurricane Matthew

作为2016年一场具有独特破坏性和致命性的大西洋风暴，飓风马修为了解哪些社会文化变量有助于灾后恢复和救灾工作的有效性提供了机会和义务。快速发展项目探讨了灾后重建工作在多大程度上受到民间基础设施的影响，如非政府组织和政府组织之间分享做法、团结关系以及评价方法的体制差异。调查结果将分发给参与灾后恢复工作的援助组织。这些报告将为人道主义援助/救灾工作的从业人员和研究人员提供一个更有力的评估工具的模式，利用当地的复原力，特别是共享关系和机构。这项研究还促进了科学家之间的国际合作，扩大了科学界代表性不足的群体的参与，并将对本科生和研究生进行人类学数据收集和分析方法的培训。北方伊利诺伊大学的马克·舒勒博士将探讨海地的恢复工作，飓风马修在海地造成了最大的生命损失和基础设施破坏。破坏程度仍在评估中，但物质损失相当严重，特别是在南部省和大湾省：80%以上的建筑物严重受损或被毁，树木被砍伐或落叶，包括面包果等主食作物，该季节的地面作物也被摧毁，沿着许多灌溉系统。在海地州立大学民族学系的一组研究人员的帮助下，PI将制定一个抽样框架，以确定现有和应急领导人和机构，并通过一系列民族学数据收集和分析工具，探索社会文化变量在多大程度上，如团结纽带、强调分享等价值观的道德和伦理体系，以及各组织和实体的观点多样性，正在影响恢复工作。这项研究提供了一个及时、独特和迫切需要的机会，以迅速评估对重建工作至关重要的社会文化意识形态、信仰体系、做法和机构，提供了一个明确的早期案例研究，用以评估复原力理论和从救济到发展的连续性，特别是从“紧急”阶段向“重建”阶段的过渡。“这些评估往往缺少社区自己的行动和评估。“马修”飓风提供了一个独特的机会，在人道主义机构完全建立之前，现在就可以收集数据。

As a uniquely destructive and deadly 2016 Atlantic storm, Hurricane Matthew has offered both the opportunity and obligation for understanding what sociocultural variables contribute to the efficacy of disaster recovery and relief efforts. The RAPID project explores the extent to which post-disaster rebuilding efforts are impacted by civic infrastructure, such as sharing practices, solidarity ties, and institutional variation in evaluation methods among non-governmental and governmental organizations. Findings will be disseminated to aid organizations involved in disaster recovery efforts. Reports would offer practitioners and researchers of humanitarian aid/ disaster response a model for a more robust assessment tool that leverages local resilience, particularly the sharing relationships and institutions. The research also fosters international collaboration among scientists, broadens the participation of underrepresented groups in the sciences, and will train undergraduate and graduate students in methods of anthropological data collection and analysis.Dr. Mark Schuller of Northern Illinois University will explore recovery efforts in Haiti, where Hurricane Matthew caused the largest loss of life and infrastructural damage. The devastation is still being assessed, however the material costs, particularly in the South and Grand'Anse provinces, is quite significant: over 80 percent of structures were severely damaged or destroyed, trees were either felled or stripped of foliage, including staple crops such as breadfruit, and the season's ground crops were also destroyed, along with many irrigation systems. With a team of researchers from the Faculté d'Ethnologie, the State University of Haiti, the PI will developing a sampling frame to identify existing and emergency leaders and agencies, and through a range of ethnographic data collection and analysis tools, explore to what extent sociocultural variables, such as solidarity ties, moral and ethical systems that emphasize values such as sharing, and perspectival diversity among various organizations and entities, are influencing recovery efforts. This research offers a timely, unique, and an urgently-needed opportunity to quickly assess the sociocultural ideologies, belief systems, practices and institutions that are central to the rebuilding effort, offering a clear, early case study with which to evaluate theories of resilience and the relief-to-development continuum, particularly the transition from "emergency" phase to "reconstruction." Communities' own actions and assessments are often missing from these assessments. Hurricane Matthew offers a unique opportunity to collect data now, before the humanitarian apparatus is fully established.