Ice in Clouds Monograph

该奖项为一本关于冰在云中的作用的专著提供部分资金。冰晶在云的形成、演化和对天气气候的影响中起着重要作用。这本专著总结了科学界对冰如何形成和演化的了解现状，以及我们测量这些冰晶的关键特性的技术能力。广泛传播过去的研究和研讨会的结果将有助于社区指导未来在冰微观物理方面所需的研究。这本题为《云中冰的形成和演化：测量和建模挑战》的专著有5个主要目标：1)总结我们目前对云中冰的演化的理解，从第一次冰的形成到通过降水、融化、蒸发或升华消除冰的演化；2)识别冰形成和演化中尚未被很好理解的过程，并强调这些知识差距对预报天气、预测未来气候、理解云带电、以及航空危害的能力的影响3)评估现有和新的测量系统，以表征冰粒特性以及诊断或预测冰演变的模型，4)评估和比较用于处理云特性测量的方法，并推荐最佳做法，以将不确定性降至最低，并将提取的信息最大化，5)制定一份建议行动清单，以提高我们对云中冰演变的了解。

This award provides partial funding for a monograph on the role of ice in clouds. Ice crystals play an important role in the formation, evolution and impact of clouds on weather and climate. The monograph is a summary of the scientific field's current state of understanding of how ice forms and evolves and of our technological capability to measure the critical properties of these ice crystals. Broad dissemination of the results of past research and workshops will help the community to guide future research that is necessary in ice microphysics.The monograph, titled "Ice Formation and Evolution in Clouds and Precipitation: Measurement and Modeling Challenges," has 5 primary objectives: 1) To summarize our current understanding of ice evolution in clouds, from first ice formation to removal by precipitation, melting, evaporation or sublimation, 2) To identify those processes in ice formation and evolution that are not well understood, and highlight the impacts of those knowledge gaps on the ability to forecast weather, predict future climate, understand cloud electrification, and aviation hazards, 3) To assess current and new measurement systems that characterize ice particle properties and of models that diagnose or prognose ice evolution, 4) To evaluate and compare methodologies used for processing measurements of cloud properties and recommend best practices that minimize uncertainties and maximize extracted information, 5) To formulate a list of recommended actions that can and should be implemented to improve our understanding of ice evolution in cloud.