Science Policy Research Report: Advising the President on Science Policy and the Role of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology

总统科技顾问理事会于1990年在总统乔治H. W.布什是一个独立的咨询委员会。PCAST由大约20名具有学术研究、工业和军事服务背景的文职成员组成，由总统的科学顾问担任共同主席。 PCAST提供与科学，技术和创新相关的建议：就业和经济增长，公共卫生，国家和国内安全，能源和环境，STEM教育，新兴技术和研究，以及对总统有价值的其他专业主题，并提供及时的建议，以解决紧迫的公共政策挑战。PCAST在制定联邦研究计划方面发挥了关键作用，并审查了大规模的政府科学和技术计划，确保总统拥有最新的科学和技术信息来做出政策决定。虽然在每届总统任期内都有相同的目标，但PCAST的成员、运作、活动和影响都发生了变化，反映了政府最优先政策问题的需求。这份科学政策研究报告考察了PCAST在乔治H. W.总统的最后四届政府中的作用和影响。布什、比尔·克林顿、乔治·W.布什和巴拉克奥巴马。该项目编制了一个PCAST成员人口统计数据库，包括他们的性别，种族，专业领域和职业背景。 PCAST的审查活动，包括报告，会议和有新闻价值的事件进行了分析，以评估PCAST对科学和技术政策和决策的影响，并提出最佳实践和可操作的建议，以改善PCAST在当前和未来的管理。

The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), created in 1990 under President George H.W. Bush, is an independent advisory committee. Comprised of approximately 20 civilian members with diverse backgrounds in academic research, industry, and military service, PCAST was co-chaired by the president's science advisor. PCAST provided advice related to science, technology, and innovation: jobs and economic growth, public health, national and domestic security, energy and the environment, STEM education, emerging technologies and research, and other specialized topics of value to the president and provides timely recommendations to address urgent public policy challenges. PCAST played a critical role in the development of federal research initiatives and reviewed large-scale government science and technology programs and ensured the president had the most up-to-date scientific and technical information to make policy decisions. While always having the same goal during each Presidential administration, the membership, operation, activities, and impact of PCAST changed, reflecting the needs of the administration's highest priority policy issues. This science policy research report examines the role and influence of PCAST over the last four administrations of Presidents George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. The project compiles a database of the demographics of PCAST members including their gender, ethnicity, areas of expertise, and career background. Review activities of PCAST including reports, meetings, and newsworthy events are analyzed to assess PCAST's impact on science and technology policy and decision-making, with suggestions for best practices and actionable recommendations to improve PCAST in the current and future administrations.