Doctoral Dissertation Research: Gender at the Nunalleq Site: Community Perspectives from Quinhagak, Alaska

该项目的目标是从阿拉斯加州昆哈加克的居民那里收集有关性别和尤皮克人过去生活方式的信息，并将这些知识应用于对努纳莱克接触前遗址的社会生活的考古解释。对昆哈加克的尤皮克居民的采访将集中在尤皮克社区过去是如何定义性别的，以及从考古角度来看，性别身份如何在努纳莱克的文物和建筑空间中可见。使用社区知识作为考古解释的基石，确保了尤皮克人的观点在研究过程中得到尊重，并确保以复杂和背景的方式考虑性别社会身份。作为一个以社区为基础的项目，这项研究是一个更大的学科运动的一部分，目的是让土著社区参与考古项目的规划和实施以及对结果数据的解释和分析。这种方法的好处有很多：社区研究不仅照顾到土著社区(其中许多人被边缘化)的具体需要和条件，而且这种战略往往产生更有力和与公众相关的研究问题和分析。Nunalleq遗址和邻近的Quinhagak社区一起为基于社区的性别研究提供了一个独特的机会。努纳列克位于昆哈加克郊外几英里远的地方，长期以来一直是当地历史上的固定景点，它与13至17世纪的弓箭战争的联系将它与更广泛的地区遗产联系在一起，而这一遗产很少被发掘。努纳莱克受到了非凡的永久冻土保护，质量不同寻常的文物被发现的数量非常多。拥有高质量的考古数据，以及对遗址有知识和兴趣的社区，为基于社区的性别和社会身份研究创造了一个理想的环境，这些主题最好用强有力的考古和口头历史数据来探索。性别和社会认同主题在区域考古研究中几乎没有受到重视，这进一步表明了这项研究的重要性，努纳莱克作为日益受到环境变化威胁的考古资源的地位也是如此。

The goal of this project is to collect information about gender and Yup'ik lifeways of the past from residents of Quinhagak, Alaska, and to apply this knowledge to archaeological interpretations of social life at the pre-contact site of Nunalleq. Interviews with Yup'ik residents of Quinhagak will focus on how Yup'ik communities defined gender in the past, and how gendered identities may be visible archaeologically in the artifacts and built spaces of Nunalleq. Using community knowledge as the cornerstone for archaeological interpretations ensures that Yup'ik perspectives are honored in the research process and that gendered social identities are considered in a complex and contextual manner. As a community-based project, this research is part of a larger disciplinary movement towards Indigenous community involvement in the planning and implementation of archaeological projects and the interpretation and analysis of resultant data. The benefits of such approaches are myriad: not only does community-based research attend to the specific needs and conditions of Indigenous communities (many of whom are marginalized), but such strategies often result in more robust and publically-relevant research questions and analysis. Together, the Nunalleq site and the neighboring community of Quinhagak provide a unique opportunity for community-based research on gender. Located just a few miles outside of Quinhagak, Nunalleq has long been a fixture in local histories, and its links to the 13th-17th century Bow and Arrow wars connect it to a broader regional heritage that has been little explored. Nunalleq has been subject to remarkable permafrost preservation, with artifacts of unusual quality being recovered in very high numbers. The confluence of having high-quality archaeological data alongside a community with knowledge of and interest in the site creates an ideal setting for community-based research on gender and social identities, themes that are best explored with robust archaeological and oral historical data. That themes of gender and social identity have received little attention in regional archaeological studies further suggests the importance of this study, as does Nunalleq's status as an archaeological resource increasingly threatened by environmental change.