CPS: Medium: Modular Power Orchestration at the Meso-scale

储能和配电在工程系统中发挥着不可或缺的作用，这些工程系统在人们的日常生活中发挥着关键作用，包括交通、公用事业、健康和安全。然而，在当今的网络物理平台中，能量在模块之间的生成、存储、分配和分配通常以在系统设计阶段固定的随意和刚性的方式进行管理。现有电源管理方法的局限性在高度集成的中尺度系统中显而易见，这些系统从移动的设备到国际空间站等大型设施。这些中尺度系统的功率语义介于宏观尺度电网和微观尺度片上功率管理的功率语义之间，导致显著的解决方案空白。该研究项目旨在通过建立一个灵活而有弹性的框架来设计和管理网络物理系统中的配电和储能，从而填补这一空白。该项目的广泛影响不仅将改变下一代电动汽车和混合动力自动驾驶汽车等新兴技术的电力输送能力，还将通过课程整合和推广计划，将面向硬件的电力电子设计与控制、系统软件和应用开发联系起来，丰富跨学科教育。该研究将为两个主要目标制定原则性方法：在中尺度网络物理系统中模块化电源语义的管理，以及在异构模块之间编排与电源相关的系统范围的交互。我们开始通过引入功率分配的管理和能量包递送的优化之间的创新等效性。这种新的问题表述使我们能够重新想象电力架构，将可延展的电源模块作为智能能源路由器，连接和缓冲不同功能组件（如电机，处理器和传感器）之间的双向功率流。这项研究将开发一种新的方法来有效地提供能量包，这将允许推理的最优性和权衡之间的功率和性能语义整体。该项目还将建立一个新的基于形式化方法的智能协调框架，用于离线生成电源模块之间的在线接口，旨在协调整个系统级别的模块之间的电源交换，即使面对可变性和模型不确定性。这种模块化的功率流编排框架是迈向模块化智能无处不在的网络物理设备理论的一步，为如何构建具有新语义目标（如长期可持续自主性）的下一代系统提供了范式转变。

Energy storage and power distribution play an integral part in the engineered systems that play critical roles in people's everyday lives, including transportation, utility, health, and security. In today's cyber-physical platforms, however, the generation, storage, allocation, and distribution of energy among modules is often managed in a haphazard and rigid manner that is fixed at the system design stage. The limitations of existing power management methods are clearly evident in highly-integrated meso-scale systems, which range from mobile devices to large installations such as the International Space Station. The power semantics of these meso-scale systems fall in between those of macro-scale power grids and micro-scale on-chip power management, resulting in a significant solution void. This research project aims to fill that void by establishing an agile, yet resilient, framework to design and manage power distribution and energy storage in cyber-physical systems. The broader impacts of this project will not only transform power delivery capabilities in emerging technologies such as the next generation of electric and hybrid autonomous vehicles, but also enrich inter-disciplinary education by bridging hardware-oriented power electronics design with control, system software, and application development, through curriculum integration and outreach programs.This research will develop a principled approach towards two main goals: modularizing the management of power semantics in meso-scale cyber-physical systems, and orchestrating the power-related system-wide interactions among heterogeneous modules. We begin by introducing an innovative equivalence between the management of power distribution and the optimization of energy packet delivery. This new problem formulation allows us to re-imagine the power architecture by incorporating malleable power modules as smart energy routers, connecting and buffering bidirectional power flows between diverse functional components such as motors, processors, and sensors. This research will develop a novel approach to efficient delivery of energy packets, which will allow reasoning about optimality and trade-offs among power and performance semantics holistically. This project will also establish a new intelligent coordination framework based on formal methods, for off-line generation of on-line interfaces among power modules, aiming to orchestrate exchanges of power among modules at a full-system level, even in the face of variability and model uncertainty. This modular power flow orchestration framework is a step towards a theory of modular smart ubiquitous cyber-physical devices, empowering a paradigm shift in how next-generation systems with new semantic objectives such as long-term sustainable autonomy can be built.