2017 Sleep and Rhythms Workshop, Valparaiso, Chile, November 15, 2017

产生生物节律的生物机制对生命至关重要，因为地球上的大多数生物都必须适应环境的周期性变化。与这些变化相关的时间尺度差异很大，因此，允许生物利用它们来预测环境和生存的机制也是如此。确定与这种多样性有关的基本原则需要广泛的智力投入。因此，由该奖项支持的会议将汇集来自美国和拉丁美洲各地的不同研究人员，包括生物节律领域的资深科学家和刚刚开始培训的年轻研究人员，以促进思想交流，并为来自拉丁美洲的年轻研究人员提供培训和指导机会。在为期一天的研讨会上，美国高级科学家将与来自拉丁美洲的年轻科学家开展深入的讨论小组，然后在接下来的一周内，在一个相关的会议上，一对对高级-初级科学家将进行一对一的互动。这不仅为青年科学家提供了良好的指导机会，也为资深科学家提供了从新角度提出新想法的可能性。将得到支持的美国科学家中有很大一部分是女性，美国和拉丁美洲科学家之间的国际合作将促进美洲各地研究人员在该领域的发展。这是一个小型会议，将在智利瓦尔帕莱索举行的为期一天的紧张研讨会上，让美国和拉丁美洲的高级科学家与来自拉丁美洲的研究生和博士后合作伙伴配对，随后在随后的关于生物节律主题的会议上，导师和学员之间继续进行互动。将有四个圆桌讨论：1)与睡眠相关的神经回路；2)睡眠与人类行为；3)节律生理学的神经模型；4)娱乐的机制。每个会议将由美国和拉丁美洲的资深科学家共同主持，并由来自拉丁美洲的研究生和博士后参加。资深科学家将简要讨论他们的研究，然后与学生进行激烈的小组讨论。每位资深科学家将与一名年轻科学家配对，并在随后所有参与者都将参加的时间生物学会议上与该学生进行后续互动。在过去，这些互动导致了包括高级和初级科学家在内的多篇合作论文。这次会议和那些会议一样，预计将极大地造福于美洲各地的高级和初级科学家，并在生物节律领域取得重大发现。

General AbstractThe biological mechanisms that generate biological rhythms are critical for life, as most organisms on earth have to adapt to cyclical changes in their environments. The time-scales associated with these changes vary widely, and thus so do the mechanisms that allow organisms to use them to predict their environments and survive. Identifying the fundamental principles associated with such diversity requires a broad range of intellectual inputs. The conference supported by this award will therefore bring a diverse group of investigators together from across the United States and Latin America, including senior scientists who are leaders in the field of biological rhythms and young investigators just beginning their training, to foster the exchange of ideas and to provide training and mentorship opportunities for the young investigators from Latin America. Senior US investigators will run in-depth discussion groups with young scientists from Latin America during a one-day workshop, and pairs of senior-junior scientists will then interact one-on-one throughout the following week at an associated conference. This not only provides excellent mentorship opportunities for the young scientists, but also the potential for new ideas for the senior scientists that come from fresh perspectives. A high proportion of the US scientists that will be supported are women, and the international collaborations between US and Latin American scientists will promote growth in the field for investigators across the Americas. Technical AbstractThis is a small meeting that will pair senior US and Latin American scientists with graduate students and postdoctoral associates from Latin America during an intense, one-day workshop in Valparaiso, Chile, followed by continuing interactions between mentors and trainees during a subsequent meeting on the topic of biological rhythms. There will be four roundtable discussions on 1) Neural Circuits Associated with Sleep; 2) Sleep and Human Performance, 3) Neural Models of Rhythmic Physiology, and 4) Mechanisms of Entrainment. Each will be jointly chaired by US and Latin American senior scientists, and attended by graduate students and postdoctoral associates from Latin America. The senior scientists will briefly discuss their research, followed by intense discussion groups with the students. Each senior scientist will be paired with a young scientist and expected to have follow-up interactions with that student during a subsequent meeting Chronobiology that all participants will attend. In the past, these interactions have led to multiple, collaborative papers that include both the senior and junior scientists. This meeting, like those, is expected to greatly benefit both senior and junior scientists across the Americas and lead to significant discoveries in the field of biological rhythms.