CAREER: Control, Optimization, and Market Design for Efficient and Reliable Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Power Systems

美国电网正处于自成立以来最根本的变革之中。在减少排放的需要的刺激下，发电组合正在从传统的以燃料为基础的能源转向具有非常不同特征的新的可再生能源。然而，除非设计出适当的机制来克服与高水平的可再生能源渗透率相关的技术挑战，否则不可能以高效和可靠的方式将可再生能源整合到现有电网中。阻碍高水平可再生能源普及率的主要挑战包括：(A)可再生能源引起的动态退化加剧；(B)能源生产水平的不确定性和间歇性；以及(C)激励机制失调，使可再生能源无法以更有利于电网的方式运行。为了应对这些挑战，这项职业计划旨在开发新一代分散控制器、分布式算法和市场设计，以释放当今电网的刚性，捕捉快速时间尺度行动在运营成本中的价值，并允许无缝集成可再生能源。这是通过关注两个主要目标来实现的。第一个目标是开发分析和设计工具，以便能够系统地设计(1)具有稳健性保证的分散算法，(2)能够在不引入全系统不稳定的情况下执行实时优化的动态感知分布式优化算法，以及(3)集成操作和控制的多时间尺度市场。第二个目标是在设计旨在提高网格灵活性的新控制功能时利用开发的工具。该项目提出的三个新应用是：(A)动态下降控制(IDroop)，(B)实时拥塞管理(RCM)，和(C)电压崩溃稳定(VCS)。该项目还包含一项综合教育和推广计划，其中包括：(A)开发一门关于网络动力系统的新课程，(B)探索高风险高回报主题的本科研究，(C)妇女和少数族裔参与示范和试验床的准备，以及(D)通过约翰霍普金斯大学对外教育中心的K-12和社区推广。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。

The U.S. power grid is in the midst of its most fundamental transformation since its inception. Spurred by the need to reduce emissions, the electric generation mix is drifting away from traditional fuel-based sources, towards new renewable sources with very different characteristics. However, integrating renewable sources into the existing grid in an efficient and reliable manner will not be possible unless one devises appropriate mechanisms to overcome the technical challenges associated with high levels of renewable penetration. The main challenges that hinder high levels of renewable penetration include (a) the increased dynamic degradation induced by renewable sources, (b) the uncertainty and intermittency in energy production levels, and (c) the incentives misalignment that preclude renewable energy sources to behave in a more grid-friendly manner. To address these challenges this CAREER proposal aims to develop a new generation of decentralized controllers, distributed algorithms, and market designs that can unlock today's grid rigidity, capture the value of fast timescale actions in operational costs, and allow a seamless integration of renewables. This is achieved by focusing on two main goals. The first goal aims to develop analysis and design tools that allow the systematic design of (i) decentralized algorithms with robustness guarantees, (ii) dynamics-aware distributed optimization algorithms that can perform real-time optimization without introducing system-wide instabilities, and (iii) multi-timescale markets that integrate operations and controls. The second goal is to leverage the developed tools in the design of new control features that are aimed at boosting the grid flexibility. The three new applications proposed in this project are: (a) Dynamic Droop Control (iDroop), (b) Real-time Congestion Management (RCM), and (c) Voltage Collapse Stabilization (VCS). The project also contains an integrated educational and outreach plan that includes (a) development of a new course on networked dynamical systems, (b) undergraduate research that explores high-risk high-reward topics, (c) involvement of women and ethnic minorities in the preparation of demonstrations and testbeds, and (d) K-12 and community outreach through the Johns Hopkins Center for Educational Outreach.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.