Investigating how the cellular ER stress machinery regulates plant virus infection

这项研究使用了种植的马铃薯，它是仅次于小麦和水稻的世界第三大粮食作物。虽然大多数农作物都是从真正的种子中生长出来的，但土豆是通过营养繁殖并在田间繁殖数年的。如果没有适当的管理，马铃薯的发病率可能在几年内上升到毁灭性的水平。PVX和PVY是严重影响马铃薯产量和适销性的重要病毒，并对生产者造成经济影响。坏死性PVY菌株的全球传播给生产商带来了新的挑战。迫切需要进一步了解马铃薯对病毒病的反应基因。首要的长期目标是提高马铃薯对PVX和PVY感染的抵抗力。这项研究将揭示植物如何应对病毒胁迫和适应具有挑战性的环境的机制。这项研究将调查一组关键的胁迫反应基因，这些基因可以保护植物免受干旱和病毒感染。这项研究还将探索一组被称为BIPs的蛋白质如何抑制疾病，并确定如何使用这些蛋白质来提供对病毒感染的保护。我们将利用这些信息来改进马铃薯生产策略和有效的育种实践。内质网(ER)是植物应对病毒感染、高温、化学、渗透和盐胁迫等不利环境挑战的中心枢纽。长期的低水平内质网胁迫的生理后果包括抑制植物的发育和生产力，而长期的胁迫可能导致死亡和作物损失。三种已知的监测/传感途径使用转录因子bZIP60、bZIP28和/或bZIP17来激活细胞适应性反应。它们协调分子伴侣的转录，包括内质网管腔结合蛋白(Bip)。众所周知，过量表达某些Bip亚型的拟南芥植株对病毒侵染、高温和渗透胁迫表现出更强的耐受性。该项目的中心假设是bZIP60、bZIP28和bZIP17差异地上调Bip亚型的表达，从而改善茄科植物(如马铃薯和烟草)的内质网胁迫和细胞死亡调节。研究小组将测试一个模型，在该模型中，ER应力传感器和Bip亚型参与N.benthamiana和马铃薯，以提供针对病毒感染的细胞保护。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This research uses cultivated potato, which is the world's third largest food crop after wheat and rice. While most crops grow from true seeds, potatoes are vegetatively propagated and multiplied for several years in the field. Without proper management, disease incidence in potato can rise to devastating levels within a few years. PVX and PVY are significant viruses that gravely impact potato yield and marketability, and economically impact producers. The global spread of necrotic PVY strains has created new challenges for producers. There is an urgent need to advance the knowledge of genes in potato responding to virus disease. The overarching, long- term goal is to improve potato resistance to PVX and PVY infection. This research will uncover the mechanisms of how plants can respond to virus stress and adapt to challenging environments. This research will investigate a key set of stress response genes that protect plants against drought and virus infection. This research will also explore how a set of proteins known as BiPs suppress disease and determine how these can be used to provide protection against virus infection. We will use this information to improve potato production strategies and effective breeding practices. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central hub for responses to adverse environmental challenges in plants such as virus infection, heat, chemical, osmotic, and salt stress. The physiological consequences of prolonged low-level ER stress include constrained plant development and productivity, whereas chronic stress can result in death and crop losses. Three well known monitoring/sensing pathway use the transcription factors bZIP60, bZIP28 and/or bZIP17 to activate cellular adaptive responses. They coordinate the transcription of molecular chaperones, including the ER lumen binding protein (BiP). It is well known that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing certain BiP isoforms display greater tolerance to virus infections and heat and osmotic stresses. The central hypothesis motivating the project is that bZIP60, bZIP28, and bZIP17 differentially up-regulate expression of BiP isoforms that ameliorates ER stress and cell death regulation in solanaceous plants, such as potato and tobacco. The research team will test a model in which ER stress sensors and BiP isoforms are engaged in N. benthamiana and potato to provide cellular protection against virus infection.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.