Thermally Activated Transport in Icy Environments

木星卫星木卫二和土星卫星土卫二都有很深的咸海。这些海洋将水输送到卫星结冰的表面，并通过这些表面。首席调查员将使用一种新的实验室方法研究咸水通过表面和表面上方移动的机制，该方法准确地代表了正在测试的运输方法。然后，他将对木卫二和土卫二等卫星上重要的运输现象和基本过程进行建模。这个项目服务于国家利益，因为它增加了我们关于这些过程如何在太阳系冻结的外层发生的科学知识，并有助于塑造美国航天器的设计和操作，目前计划探测这些卫星的表面和亚表面区域。PI的研究小组将与第32街学校合作开发科学课程。热喷口是使用脉冲激光加热添加了氯化钠的金纳米颗粒来创建的。结合激光加热和纳米压印光刻，可以在单个脉冲后同时记录数十亿个单独的纳米实验的结果。这些实验确定了当固体水膜受到来自下方的突然加热时，薄膜底部的盐被溶解并被带到固体水膜表面的程度。这种模型化的方法将扩展到欧罗巴和土卫二等卫星上的含盐流体的运输。国际和平研究所的研究小组成员将与南加州大学附近第32街学校的化学和荣誉化学教师合作，开展他们的中学科学项目。他们将开发符合新通过的高中下一代科学课程标准的实验和课程，并将动手实验带给学生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Jovian moon Europa and Saturnian moon Enceladus both have deep, salty oceans. These oceans move water to and through the icy surfaces of the satellites. The Principal Investigator will study the mechanism moving the salty water through and above the surfaces using a new laboratory method that accurately represents the transportation methods being tested. He will then model the transport phenomena and fundamental processes that are important on moons such as Europa and Enceladus. This project serves the national interest as it increases our scientific knowledge about how these processes occur in the frozen outer parts of the Solar System, and helps to shape the design and operation of U.S. spacecraft now planned to probe the surface and subsurface regions these moons. The PI's research group will work with the 32nd Street School to develop science lessons.Thermal vents are created using pulsed laser heating of Au nanoparticles dosed with NaCl. Combining laser heating and nanoimprint lithography enables results from many billions of separate nanoexperiments to be recorded simultaneously following a single pulse. The experiments establish the extent to which salt at the bottom of the film is dissolved and carried to surfaces of solid water films when it is subjected to a burst of heat from below. This modeled methodology will be extended to the transport of salty fluids on moons such as Europa and Enceladus. Members of the PI's research group will work with the teacher of Chemistry and Honors Chemistry at 32nd Street School near USC in their Secondary Science Program. They will develop experiments and lessons that meet the newly-adopted Next Generation Science Curricular Standards for high schools and bring hands-on experiments to students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.