Fundamentals of a New All Solid-state Metal-air Redox Battery Operated on Oxide-ion Chemistry

该项目致力于先进电池系统的基础研究，用于可再生能源生产和公用事业电网稳定管理中的大规模固定储能应用。由于循环稳定性的问题，特别是在高循环率和高成本的情况下，目前最先进的锂离子电池还不足以用于大规模的固定储能。固体氧化物金属-空气电池系统代表了一种新型的高温氧化离子化学先进电池。它能够以更快的速度和更低的成本充电和放电，并且由于其可扩展和模块化的性质，非常适合大规模的固定储能。该项目旨在通过对新型电池的两个关键组件：可逆固体氧化物燃料电池和金属基储能床之间的动态相互作用的基础研究，推动高温固体氧化物金属-空气电池走向商业化。从更广泛的影响角度来看，该项目将推动材料化学、电化学和多相催化科学的发展。该项目的进展和新发现将列入新的研究生课程，并通过期刊出版物向社区传播。长期研究合作将加强与邻近的小型学院历史黑人学院和大学（HBCU），本尼迪克特学院。金属-氧化物氧化还原对在充电过程中的还原动力学是固体氧化物金属-空气电池系统获得稳定的长循环寿命和高往返效率的关键。该项目侧重于充放电循环中速率限制步骤及其相关速率常数的基础研究，在此基础上，可以揭示可逆固体氧化物燃料电池与储能材料之间的动态相互作用。先进的原位表面技术，如基于同步加速器的环境压力x射线光电子能谱和拉曼能谱，将用于确定氧化还原电偶储能床的基本步骤和动力学速率常数。与此同时，材料的开发将集中在能量存储材料上，包括高活性、原子层沉积衍生的活性金属、催化剂和质子传导氧化物载体。包括基本微尺度动力学在内的多物理场建模也将用于指导电池的基本理解和发展。通过解释合成、性能测试和表面化学表征的结果，将获得关于金属/金属氧化物氧化还原化学的基本见解，测试假设，验证模型并进一步完善，以促进新型固体氧化物金属-空气电池技术的工程设计。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project addresses fundamental research of advanced battery systems for large-scale stationary energy storage applications in renewable energy production and utility grid stability management. Current state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries are not sufficient for large-scale stationary energy storage due to concerns of cycle stability, particularly at high cycling rate and cost. Solid oxide metal-air battery systems represent a new class of advanced batteries operated on high-temperature oxide-ion chemistry. It is capable of being charged and discharged at a much faster rate and lower cost and is well suited for large-scale stationary energy storage due to its scalable and modular nature. This project aims to advance the high-temperature solid oxide metal-air battery towards commercialization through fundamental studies on the dynamic interplays between the two key components of the new battery: reversible solid oxide fuel cell and metal-based energy storage bed. From a broader impacts perspective, the project will advance the science of materials chemistry, electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis. The progress and new findings of the project will be included in a new graduate course and disseminated to the community through journal publications. Long-term research collaborations will be strengthened with a neighboring small college Historically Black College and University (HBCU), Benedict College. The reduction kinetics of metal-oxide redox couples during charging is key to obtain stable long cycle life and high round trip efficiency for solid oxide metal-air battery systems. The project focuses on fundamental studies on the rate limiting steps and their associated rate constants during charging/discharging cycles, based on which dynamic interplays, between reversible solid oxide fuel cells and energy storage materials, can be revealed. Advanced in situ surface techniques such as synchrotron-based ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy will be used to identify the elementary steps and determine the kinetic rate constants for the redox couple energy storage bed. In parallel, materials development will be focused on energy storage materials including highly active, atomic layer deposition derived active metals, catalysts and proton-conducting oxide supports. Multiphysics modeling including elementary microscale kinetics will also be used to guide the fundamental understanding and development of the battery. By interpreting the results from synthesis, performance testing, and surface chemistry characterization, fundamental insights on the metal/metal-oxide based redox chemistry will be gained, hypotheses will be tested, and the model will be validated and further refined to facilitate the engineering design of the new solid oxide metal-air battery technology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.