GOALI: Climate-Responsive Design and Control Strategies for Affordable Multi-Family Residences

在全国范围内，机械空调占所有建筑能耗的约40%，在住宅建筑中占50%以上。该项目的重点是创建与工业相关的、立即适用的解决方案，以改变整个美国的非机械、被动供暖和制冷系统的设计和交付。有效的被动供暖和制冷策略实际上在美国建筑中缺失，原因有几个，包括现有的被动设计工具笨重且耗时，以及有效的、响应性的控制策略不可用。这些问题在经济适用房中尤为严重，因为额外的设计时间和典型的绿色设计措施（如超绝缘、三层玻璃窗、光伏阵列）成本太高。为了缓解这些问题，本项目的目标是取得以下进展：（任务1）一套新的视觉指标来表达一个地点的被动供暖和制冷的有用气候资源的独特组合，以及它们各自的价值，从而在早期设计阶段快速确定优先级；（任务2）一套可定制的模拟住宅原型，允许设计师在投资特定项目的模拟之前，在有成本影响的情况下，估计被动系统采用的能源效益。同时严格估计了在美国主要气候带的多户住宅中，优化控制的被动式供暖和制冷系统可以减少机械调节需求和减少温室气体排放的程度；（任务3）经过现场测试的智能控制系统，用于优化组合无源系统，并对天气、预报和用户输入做出持续响应。作为一个GOALI项目，主要的更广泛的影响将是工业界（Mithun, Inc.，一家领先的国家可持续设计公司）和学术界（俄勒冈大学和伦斯勒理工学院）之间的专业知识交流，与工业研究联系起来，提供与工业相关的成果，并通过研究奖学金和办公室实习来教育学生。这项工作将通过(a)通过国家渠道传播气候指标、可定制的被动系统原型模型和控制方法，以及(b)建筑产品的建造，作为Mithun项目中的实验元素实现，然后作为其他人研究和进一步改进的先例，来推进国家碳中和建筑设计。另一个有针对性的影响是提高绿色设计的社会包容性，这通常会为居民提供更好的空气质量和更低的水电费；这项工作将促进绿色建筑战略，为经济实惠的建筑很少提供这样的优势。该项目还将支持和扩大团队与俄勒冈大学可持续城市年计划的外展工作，在该计划中，城市规划者和社区成员与学生一起实现有效的环境设计，增加公众对科学和技术的参与。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Nationally, mechanical air conditioning accounts for ~40% of energy use in all buildings, and over 50% in residential buildings. This project focuses on creating industrially-relevant, immediately applicable solutions for transforming non-mechanical,passive heating and cooling system design and delivery throughout the U.S. Effective passive heating and cooling strategies are virtually absent from U.S. buildings for several reasons, including existing passive design tools are unwieldy and time-consuming to use, and effective, responsive control strategies are unavailable. These problems are particularly acute in affordable housing, where extra designer time and typical green design measures (e.g. superinsulation, triple-pane windows, PV arrays) are too costly. To alleviate these problems, this project targets the following advances: (Task 1) A set of new, visual metrics to express a location's unique combination of useful climatic resources for passive heating and cooling, as well as their respective values, enabling rapid prioritization in early design stages; (Task 2) A set of customizable residential dwelling prototypes for simulation to allow designers to estimate energy benefits of passive system adoption in a climate of interest before investing in project-specific simulation, accompanied by cost implications, along with a rigorous estimate of the extent to which optimally-controlled passive heating and cooling systems can reduce mechanical conditioning needs and diminish GHG emissions in multi-family dwellings in the major climate zones of the U.S.; and (Task 3) A field-tested intelligent control system for operating combined passive systems optimally and responding continuously to weather, forecasts, and user input.As a GOALI project, a primary broader impact will be the exchange of expertise between industry (Mithun, Inc., a leading national sustainable design firm) and academia (the University of Oregon and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), connecting with industrial research, providing industrially-relevant results, and educating students through research fellowships and in-office internships. The work will advance national carbon-neutral building design by (a) the dissemination of climate metrics, customizable passive system prototype models, and control approaches through national channels, and (b) the construction of built products, to be realized as experimental elements within Mithun projects, that will then serve as precedents for others to study and further improve upon. An additional targeted impact is the enhancement of social inclusiveness in green design, which typically offers better air quality and lower utility bills to residents; this work will facilitate green building strategies for affordable buildings that rarely offer such advantages. The project will also support and expand the team's outreach work with the University of Oregon Sustainable City Year Program, in which city planners and community members work with students to realize effective environmental designs, increasing public engagement with science and technology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.