Collaborative Research: An Integrated Approach to Understanding and Spatially Modeling Haloacetonitrile Disinfection By-Products Associated with De Facto Wastewater Reuse

卤乙腈（HANs）是饮用水消毒过程中产生的一组消毒副产物，是造成饮用水毒性的重要因素。最近的研究表明，当上游处理厂排放的经处理的废水存在于经处理的饮用水供应中时，HAN的形成会增加。因此，有必要建立一个流域尺度模型，根据上游处理过的废水排放和饮用水消毒过程的存在来预测HAN形成的风险。纽约州立大学布法罗分校和亚利桑那州立大学之间的这项合作研究旨在填补阻碍这种模型发展的知识空白。具体来说，这项研究将是第一个确定经过处理的废水排放由于环境退化过程而改变汉斯潜在形成的速率。然后，实验确定的参数将应用于区域或国家尺度的水质模型。此外，亚利桑那州立大学将在环境工程课程中引入数据科学课程。布法罗大学将开展一项为期两个学期的跨课程学生项目，涵盖建模和水处理。如果成功，这些模型的开发将有助于保护国家的水安全，同时监测各种水处理过程的效果。事实上的再利用，或间接的饮用水再利用，即在下游饮用水供应中偶然出现的经过处理的废水，随着世界范围内的城市化而增加。拟议的项目旨在全面了解在流域和国家范围内实际废水再利用情景下与汉斯相关的风险。它有四个研究目标：(1)确定与废水处理过程相关的废水排放物的HAN风险，并分离废水中有机物和无机成分溴的贡献；(2)确定有机物的生物和光化学转化对废水源HAN风险的影响；(3)将实验结果整合到地理空间DRINCS模型中，以评估美国所有地表水供应的水处理厂的废水来源的HAN风险。(4)将DRINCS模型预测与区域水动力模型进行比较，以验证DRINCS中所做的简化或估计相关误差。该项目是第一次在全国范围内定量评估废水产生的HAN风险。虽然它侧重于汉斯，但将实验研究与建模相结合的框架可转移到其他高优先级的新兴dbp和废水中产生的污染物。该项目的结果将为全国范围内由于实际再利用而产生的HAN风险提供信息，并可能为废水和供水公司提供合作解决DBP问题的策略。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Haloacetonitriles (HANs) are a group of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during drinking water disinfection that are important contributors to drinking water toxicity. Recent studies show that HAN formation is increased when the treated wastewater discharged from upstream treatment plants are present in the water supply that is treated for potable use. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a watershed scale model to predict the risks of HAN formation based on the presence of upstream treated wastewater discharges and the drinking water disinfection processes. This collaborative study between SUNY at Buffalo and Arizona State aims to fill the knowledge gaps that have prevented the development of such a model. Specifically, this study will be the first to determine the rates at which treated wastewater discharges alter the potential formation of HANs due to environmental degradation processes. The experimentally determined parameters will then be applied in regional or national scale water quality models. Additionally, a data science course will be introduced in the environmental engineering curriculum at Arizona State University. A two-semester, cross-course student project spanning modeling and water treatment will be developed at the University at Buffalo. If successful, the development of these models will help aid in the protection of the Nation's water security while monitoring the effects of various water treatment processes.De facto reuse, or indirect potable water reuse, the incidental presence of treated wastewater effluent in downstream drinking water supply, is increasing with urbanization worldwide. The proposed project aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the risks associated with HANs under de facto wastewater reuse scenarios on the watershed and national scale. It has four research objectives: (1) Determine the HAN risks associated with wastewater effluents as a function of wastewater treatment process and isolate the contribution from wastewater organic matter and inorganic constituent bromide; (2) Determine the influence of biological and photochemical transformation of organic matter on the wastewater-derived HAN risks; (3) Integrate experimental findings into the geospatial DRINCS model to assess wastewater-derived HAN risks for all water treatment plants supplied by surface water in the U.S. (4) Compare model predictions from DRINCS with regional hydrodynamic models to validate the simplifications made in DRINCS or estimate the associated error. This project is the first effort to quantitatively assess wastewater-derived HAN risks on the national scale. Although it focuses on HANs, the framework of integrating experimental research with modeling is transferrable to other high priority emerging DBPs and contaminants derived from wastewater. The outcome of this project will inform the nationwide HAN risks due to de facto reuse, and potentially provide strategies for wastewater and water utilities to collaboratively address DBP problems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.