Correlations of Stimulated Matterwave Emissions and Interaction-Induced Gauge Field in Driven Bose-Einstein Condensates

该项目将探索芝加哥大学最近发现的一种新现象--“玻色烟火”。当被称为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)的致密超冷气体样本向不同方向发射物质波时，就会产生玻色烟花，使人联想到烟花。这种行为是通过使BEC受到势能的周期性调制来刺激的。这个项目将详细研究玻色烟花是如何发生的，以及喷流强度和方向之间的相关性是如何发展的。这可以作为远离热平衡的量子多体系统的普遍行为的模型，并可能开创一种新型的量子模拟。这一点很重要，因为它可以解决核物理、凝聚态物理甚至宇宙学中的基本问题。从事这个项目的研究生将接受尖端原子物理研究技术方面的培训。该团队还将通过在夏季提供为期一周的科学活动的外展活动，向更广泛的受众传播研究兴奋，包括在芝加哥南部的未被充分代表的少数族裔(URM)K-12学生和本科生。作为该项目的一部分，另一项教育活动将是建立一个新的本科生领导的创新实验实验室，名为“本科生悬浮科学研究中心”。该实验室将为许多有才华的本科生提供独特的创新机会，并参与新想法的开发，这些新想法可能会对基础科学和跨学科应用产生潜在影响。该项目将研究最近在受驱动的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中观察到的物质波发射的新关联。通过周期性地调制原子散射长度，发现物质波喷流的烟花状发射揭示了不同动量模式下的布居之间丰富而复杂的关联。这种辐射类似于密集样品中超辐射的物质波版本，理论上被预测为远离热平衡的受驱动量子多体系统的普遍特征。这个团队将研究玻色凝聚和玻色-费米混合物中物质波的受激辐射。烟花可以成为探测微弱量子涨落和关联的强大工具。该团队还将开发一种新的方案，通过结合散射长度的调制和2D光学晶格的振动来实现依赖于相互作用的合成规范场。这将检验一种预测，即散射长度调制将在两个晶格方向上混合Floquite带，并将导致相互作用相关的D4和D2对称性破缺，而非相互作用玻色子不会发生这种情况。相互作用驱动的规范场是耦合物质和规范场以及探索基于原子量子气体的动态规范场和任意子激发的量子模拟的关键一步。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will explore a new phenomena called "Bose fireworks" that was recently discovered at the University of Chicago. Bose fireworks occur when dense samples of ultracold gas known as Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) emit jets of matterwaves in different directions, making formations reminiscent of fireworks. Such behavior is stimulated by subjecting the BEC to periodic modulations in potential energy. This project will investigate in detail how Bose fireworks occur, and how correlations between the strength and direction of the jets develop. This can serve as a model for universal behavior of a quantum many-body system driven far from thermal equilibrium, and may pioneer a new type of quantum simulation. This is important because it can address fundamental issues in nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, and even cosmology. Graduate students engaged in this project will be trained in cutting edge atomic physics research techniques. This team will also disseminate research excitement to broader audiences, including underrepresented minority (URM) K-12 students and undergraduate students on the south side of Chicago via an outreach activity that provides week-long science activities in summer. Another educational activity as part of this project will be the establishment of a new undergraduate-led laboratory for innovative experimentation, called "Undergraduate Research Center on Levitation Science". The laboratory will offer unique opportunities for many talented undergraduate students to innovate and be involved in the development of new ideas that can potentially impact fundamental science and interdisciplinary applications.This project will study novel correlations of matterwave emissions recently observed in driven Bose-Einstein condensates. By periodically modulating the atomic scattering length, a firework-like emission of matterwave jets is found to reveal rich, intricate correlations between the populations in different momentum modes. The emission resembles the matterwave version of superradiance in a dense sample, and is theoretically predicted to be a universal signature for driven quantum many-body system far from thermal equilibrium. This team will investigate the stimulated emission of matterwaves in both Bose condensates and Bose-Fermi mixtures. The fireworks can be a powerful tool to probe weak quantum fluctuations and correlations. This team will also develop a new scheme to realize an interaction-dependent synthetic gauge field by combining the modulation of scattering length and the shaking of a 2D optical lattice. This will test a prediction that the scattering length modulation will hybridize the Floquet bands in the two lattice directions and will lead to an interaction-dependent D4 and D2 symmetry breaking that would not occur for non-interacting bosons. The interaction-driven gauge field is an essential step to couple matter and gauge fields and to explore quantum simulation of dynamical gauge fields and anyonic excitations based on atomic quantum gases.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.