EAGER: Drosophila evolutionary phenomics: Public resource to support genotype-phenotype studies

对物种的基因组进行排序变得越来越容易。然而，如果不了解基因编码的复杂的发育、生理、形态和行为特征，基因组资源的利用就会受到限制。事实上，提高根据基因类型知识预测重要特征(如寿命、疾病)的能力是现代生物学的首要任务之一。许多研究使用果蝇--黑腹果蝇--来将表型映射到基因类型。这个项目将首先描述一组特征，这些特征捕捉到了约250种果蝇相关物种生活史的核心方面。这些分析将通过利用全序列基因组绘制30种果蝇的基因型-表型关系图来补充。所有数据都将通过一个公共数据库提供。这一资源将使关于未来基因组测序优先事项的战略决策成为可能。此外，该数据库将协助在资源生态学和系统发育的背景下对各种生活史特征进行综合研究。使用标准化方案，果蝇物种资源中心保存的所有约250种果蝇及其相关属(萨摩亚属、Scaptomyza属、Zaprionus属和Gitona属)将针对一组18个形态、行为、生理和发育特征进行表型鉴定，这些特征除了提供与生态选择相关的特征外，还共同捕捉了性别选择和生活史综合征的核心方面。这些数据构成了一个关于果蝇“进化表型组学”的有价值的公共数据库的基础，以及伴随而来的系统发育资源。这些数据还将用于两种最先进的比较分析。首先，应用于所有物种数据的贝叶斯系统发育模型将使用一系列可供选择的特征多样化模型来评估特征状态之间和支系之间的多样化和共同进化动力学的比率。其次，两种互补的分析方法将被应用于所有具有全序列基因组的果蝇物种，以探索所有特征的基因型-表型关系，目标是确定潜在的特征多样化的候选基因，并为果蝇生物多样性的分子进化和基因组结构的研究奠定基础。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

It is increasingly easy to sequence the genomes of species. The utility of genomic resources, however, is limited without knowledge of the complex developmental, physiological, morphological and behavioral traits that genes code for. Indeed, improving the ability to predict important traits (e.g., lifespan, disease) from knowledge of genotypes is one of the top priorities of modern biology. Much research uses the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to map phenotypes onto genotypes. This project will begin by characterizing a set of traits that capture core aspects of life history for ~250 related species of Drosophila. These analyses will be complemented by mapping genotype-phenotype relationships across the 30 species of Drosophila with fully-sequenced genomes. All data will be made available through a public database. This resource will enable strategic decisions about future genome sequencing priorities. Furthermore, the database will assist the integrated study of diverse life history traits in the context of both resource ecology and phylogeny. Using standardized protocols, all ~250 species of Drosophila and related genera (Samoaia, Scaptomyza, Zaprionus and Gitona) maintained by the Drosophila Species Stock Center will be phenotyped for a set of 18 morphological, behavioral, physiological and developmental traits, Collectively, these traits capture core aspects of sexual selection and life-history syndromes, in addition to providing characters relevant to ecological selection. These data form the basis for a valuable public database on Drosophila "evolutionary phenomics," along with accompanying phylogenetic resources. The data will also be used for two kinds of state-of-the-art comparative analyses. First, Bayesian phylogenetic modeling, applied to data for all species, will be used to evaluate rates of diversification and co-evolutionary dynamics among character states and across the clade using a range of alternative trait diversification models. Second, two complementary analytical approaches will be applied to all Drosophila species with fully-sequenced genomes to explore genotype-phenotype relationships for all traits, with the goals of identifying candidate genes underlying trait diversification and setting the stage for studies of the molecular evolution and genomic architecture of Drosophila biodiversity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.