The Motte and Bailey Castle. Expansion of a Fortification Type at Elbe and Oder River in high and late Middle Ages

申请人的海森堡奖学金的科学目的之一是调查在欧洲大部分地区已知的护城河和贝利城堡。目前的研究经费的目的是通过考古实地调查，对这些防御工事的年代、建造、建筑结构和功能进行扩展，以扩大非常有限的研究基础。该项目将motte和bailey城堡的空间扩展向东扩展，重点放在易北河和奥得河地区（旧三月和下西里西亚之间）。因此，该项目解决了中世纪城堡研究的一个相当大的愿望。在结束项目的两年里，通过对八个这样的要塞的挖掘和其他研究，对莫特和贝利城堡产生了重要而有趣的结果。本提案的目的是将研究经费再延长一年。在第三个项目年度，最终得出结果。目的是将许多研究成果整合在一个大型专著中，讨论工作区域内莫特和贝利城堡现象的考古学，历史和文化意义，以及它与中欧中世纪晚期防御工事的关系。此外，还将在西部研究地区的四个城堡，旧三月和普里尼茨进行有限的实地考察。这将完善项目的成果。这四个防御工事将通过历史方法进行调查，通过地面和地球物理调查，通过有限的挖掘来研究和探索，以确定确切的日期，阐明山的建造，建筑的设计和质量，以及了解城堡的年代，用途，社会，军事和象征意义，它的建造者和他的经济状况。防御工事的选择使我们能够照亮motte和bailey城堡的一些方面，这些方面到目前为止还不令人满意：研究计划打算调查一个天然山丘上的护城河，两个外围山丘和一个可能是早期鹅卵石和砖建筑的大亨城堡山丘。

One of the scientific aims of the Heisenberg scholarship of the applicant is the investigation of the moat and bailey castles known in large parts of Europe. The aim of the current research grant is to extend the very limited research base by archaeological field investigations concerning the chronology, the construction, building structure and the function of these fortifications. The project brings the eastward direction of the spatial expansion of the motte and bailey castle into focus: in the regions on the rivers Elbe and Oder (between Old March and Lower Silesia). Thus, the project solves a considerable desideratum of the medieval castle research. During the two years of the closing project important and interesting results on the motte and bailey castles were produced, by excavations and other research in eight such strongholds. The aim of this proposal is the extension of this research grant for one more year.In the third project year, the results shall be worked out finally. The aim is the integration of the many results of the research in one large monograph, discussing the archaeology, history and cultural meaning of the motte and bailey castle phenomenon in the work area and its relations to the high and late-medieval fortifications in Central Europe. Moreover, there shall be carried out limited fieldwork at four castles in the western areas of research, Old March and Prignitz. This shall perfect the results of the project. The four fortifications will be investigated by historical methods, by surface and geophysical surveys, researched and explored by limited excavations to ascertain the exact date, to illuminate the construction of the hill, the design and quality of buildings as well as to learn about dating, use, social, military and symbolic meaning of the castle, its builder and his economic situation. The choice of the fortifications enables us to light up aspects of motte and bailey castles which are understood not satisfying up to now: The research program intends the investigation of a moat on a natural hill, of two outer baileys and of a presumably magnate's castle hill with early cobblestone and brick building.