CAREER: Trust, Cooperation, and Collective Action in Diverse Communities

该项目将调查人们如何看待和应对他们社区中的种族/民族多样性。 一个基本的前提是，人们可能会对多样性作出不同的反应，这取决于构成多样性的特定种族/族裔群体。 该项目的第一部分将研究来自不同种族/民族背景的人如何定义多样性，其次是区分异质性与社区中非白人的份额。第二部分询问人们是否以及如何从过去的跨种族互动中学习，并对来自不同种族/民族背景的陌生人产生信任。该项目的第三部分研究了一个大城市中多样性功能良好的社区，即，在那里，邻居们不断组织起来，以实现共同的目标，尽管他们之间存在种族/民族差异。在这一阶段的研究中，该项目调查了信息共享和制裁等机制，这些机制成功地促进了来自不同背景的人们之间的合作。 该项目将为高年级本科生和研究生创建一个研究实习，重点是实验研究方法。 该项目还将继续并扩大一项正在进行的倡议，该倡议已创建了一个实验性设计讲习班。 这个研讨会汇集了来自整个大学的实验社会科学家，交流思想，并收到原始实验研究的反馈。最后一项教育举措将涉及为期一周的暑期学校，主题是社会科学实验，将向博士开放。来自当地几所大学的学生。 该项目将为制定和执行诸如平权行动、移民和居住融合等政策提供有益的见解，该项目将首先澄清多样性的含义和证明多样性影响的举证责任。其次，它将分析种族/少数民族群体的成员，而不仅仅是白人，对多样性的反应。 第三，它将带来创新的实验方法，以承担长期的社会学兴趣的问题。为了阐明对多样性的理解，这个项目的第一部分依赖于一个具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本的联合实验，包括非白人的战略性过度样本。第二部分涉及一个公共产品游戏，参与者被分配到异质群体，同质白色群体，或同质非白色群体。我们的目标是了解人们不仅对多样性，而且对特定种族/民族群体的份额的反应。第三部分涉及招募不同和同质的城市社区的白色和非白色居民。这些参与者将参加一个带有行为游戏成分的在线调查。行为游戏捕捉利他主义，信任和合作对内组和外组成员。它们还允许研究者解决社会期望偏差，观察真正的利害关系行为，解开微观层面的动机和机制，并澄清假设的范围条件。总而言之，该项目将通过为多样性理论提供信息和产生有关不同社区群体间关系的新实证发现，澄清有关种族/民族多样性的不断增长但尚无定论的社会科学文献。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will investigate how people view and respond to racial/ethnic diversity in their communities. An underlying premise is that people may respond to diversity differently depending the specific racial/ethnic groups that make up that diversity. The first part of the project will examine how people from different racial/ethnic backgrounds define diversity, followed by distinguishing heterogeneity from the share of non-Whites in a community. The second part asks whether and how people learn from past cross-racial interactions and become trusting toward strangers from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. The third part of this project studies neighborhoods in a large urban city where diversity functions well, i.e., where neighbors have repeatedly organized to achieve common goals, despite racial/ethnic differences between them. In this phase of the research, the project investigates the mechanisms, such as information sharing and sanctioning, that successfully promote cooperation between people from different backgrounds. The project will create a research practicum for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students that will focus on experimental research methods. The project will also continue and expand upon an ongoing initiative that has created an experimental design workshop. This workshop brings together experimental social scientists from across the university to exchange ideas and receive feedback on original experimental research. A final educational initiative will involve a weeklong summer school on the topic of experiments in the social sciences, which will be open to Ph.D. students from several local universities. The project will provide insights useful in formulating and implementing policies such as those concerning affirmative action, immigration and residential integration.This project will first clarify the meaning of diversity and the burden-of-proof for documenting the effects of diversity. Second, it will analyze how members of racial/ethnic minority groups, not just Whites, react to diversity. Third, it will bring innovative experimental methods to bear on questions of longstanding sociological interest. To shed light on understandings of diversity, the first part of this project relies on a conjoint experiment with a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, including strategic oversamples of non-Whites. A second part involves a public goods game where participants are assigned to heterogeneous groups, homogeneously White groups, or homogeneously non-White groups. The goal is to understand how people respond not just to diversity, but also to the share of specific racial/ethnic groups. The third part involves recruiting White and non-White residents of diverse and homogeneous urban neighborhoods. These participants will participate in an online survey with behavioral game components. The behavioral games capture altruism, trust, and cooperativeness toward both in-group and out-group members. They also allow the researcher to address social desirability bias, to observe real-stakes behavior, to disentangle micro-level motivations and mechanisms, and to clarify the scope conditions around hypotheses. Taken together, this project will bring clarity to the growing but inconclusive social scientific literature on racial/ethnic diversity, both by informing theories of diversity and by producing new empirical findings regarding intergroup relations in diverse communities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.