RAPID: A Scientific Deployment of a C-Band Radar to Observe Heavy Precipitation and Convective System Dynamic Processes in RELAMPAGO

RELAMPAGO（带电，闪电和中尺度/微尺度过程的遥感与自适应地面观测）将于2018年11月1日至2019年1月31日期间在阿根廷中部的安第斯山脉背风处观测对流风暴（见NSF资助的项目AGS-1661799）。 该项目将资助科罗拉多州立大学的C波段双极化雷达的部署。 该项目将利用NSF资助的其他活动，在部署期间为雷达配备人员，并进行项目后数据质量和数据传播。根据RELAMPAGO的数据政策，科学界将可以利用该雷达的数据，以实现RELAMPAGO的科学目标。 导致美国深对流和高影响天气（HIW）的物理过程依赖于一组特定的成分，这些成分基于那里经历的天气和气候。 然而，对美国以外的深对流和HIW的了解不仅会提高我们对它在其他地区如何运作的理解，而且会提高我们对美国深对流和HIW的理解。 提高我们对强降雨及其过程和前兆的认识，将有助于改善对天气和气候时间尺度上极端降雨的预测。C波段雷达将通过在RELAMPAGO密集观测期间提供为期3个月的高质量双极化雷达测量结果，以及在雨季RELAMPAGO水文气象观测期间提供高质量双极化雷达测量结果，帮助实现这些目标。强对流风暴对地球仪周围人类管理的环境产生重大影响。加强我们对能够触发强烈深层湿对流的过程的理解将有助于减轻其后果，对社会，环境和经济应用至关重要。在研究过程中，将对研究生、博士后研究员进行重要培训，并使参与者与拉丁美洲科学家和学生进行密切的科学互动。 通过RELAMPAGO外展工作协调，当地学生将获得雷达设施的图尔斯参观。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

RELAMPAGO (Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations) will observe convective storms in the lee of the Andes Mountains in central Argentina during 1 November 2018 - 31 January 2019 (see NSF funded project AGS-1661799). This project will fund deployment of the Colorado State University's C-Band dualpolarization radar. The project will leverage other activities funded by NSF to staff the radar during its deployment, as well as perform post-project data quality and dissemination of the data. Data from this radar will be available to the scientific community under the RELAMPAGO data policy to address RELAMPAGO scientific objectives.Intellectual Merit:Heavy-rain producing storms will advance the science of heavy rainfall prediction globally, a risk which faces many regions of the world. Physical processes leading to deep convection and High Impact Weather (HIW) in the US rely on a specific set of ingredients that are based on weather and climate experienced there. However, the learning of deep convection and HIW outside of the US will not only improve our understanding of how it operates in other regions, but also improve our understanding of deep convection and HIW in the US. Advancing our understanding of heavy rainfall and its processes and precursors will enable improved prediction of rainfall extremes on weather and climate timescales. The C-Band radar will aid in addressing these objectives by providing high-quality dual-polarization radar measurements for a 3-month period during the RELAMPAGO intensive observing period and also following the campaign during the RELAMPAGO hydrometeorological observing period during the wet season.Broader Impacts:The exposure and vulnerability of the global population to HIW is increasing as a result of population growth, land use/land cover change, urbanization, and climate change. Severe convective storms have significant impacts on the human-managed environment around the globe. Enhancing our understanding processes capable of triggering intense, deep moist convection will help in mitigating its consequences, and is critical for social, environmental, and economic applications. Through the course of the research, significant training of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and close scientific interactions of the participants with Latin American scientists and students will be conducted. Local students will be given tours of the radar facility, coordinated through RELAMPAGO outreach efforts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.