Workshop for Studying the Knowledge Creation Process with a Digital Archive of Manuscripts and Reviews

很多科学研究都是在同行评议的期刊上找到的。然而，科学史或科学社会学的研究人员无法研究这些期刊上什么被接受，什么被拒绝，因为直到最近，他们还无法获得包括被接受和被拒绝的手稿、涵盖的主题、提交手稿的人的特征以及审稿人的评论在内的大量数据。此外，他们没有这样的数据随时间的变化，因此他们可能会看到学科内的主题和提交者的变化。美国社会学协会（American Sociological Association， ASA）拥有1991年至2010年这20年间所有手稿和期刊评论的电子副本。乔治梅森大学的社会科学研究中心（CSSR）基于一项由美国国家科学基金会（nsf）资助的为期三年的项目，为美国社会科学协会（ASA）的顶级期刊《美国社会学评论》（American Sociological Review）创建了一个包含这些信息的数字档案。鉴于档案数据文件的复杂性，csssr将举办为期两天的研讨会，以便有兴趣的学者可以接受培训，使用它来回答有关社会学历史和发展的关键问题，在这一学科发生显著变化的时期。接受过档案使用培训的教师将把这些知识传授给社会学和其他学科的同事，以进一步研究旗舰期刊的同行评议制度。这个项目是有益的，因为它允许对科学过程进行审查。该项目将支持于2019年4月举行的为期两天的研讨会，以培训教师和研究生使用ASA/梅森美国社会学评论（ASR）数字档案。乔治梅森大学的社会科学研究中心（CSSR）创建了一个包含8000多份手稿和2.6万篇评论的数字档案。该档案包括20年时间跨度内作者和评论的人口统计和机构信息。档案馆的创建是通过检查所有提交的手稿，将它们与审稿人进行匹配，并使用互联网来保护作者和审稿人的其他信息。这些信息被合并到四种类型的文件中，包括作者、审稿人、人员和手稿信息。研讨会参与者将熟悉这些文件，并学习如何链接它们和/或如何单独使用它们，这取决于要回答的研究问题。通过检查这些文件，研究人员可以确定审稿人的同行网络是否与作者的同行网络在智力上相距遥远，或者作者和审稿人是否在同一网络中，从而表明审稿人存在偏见的可能性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Much of science is found in peer-reviewed journals. However, researchers in the history or sociology of science cannot study what is accepted and what is rejected in these journals because until recently they did not have access to a body of data that included accepted and rejected manuscripts, the topics covered, the characteristics of those who submitted manuscripts, and the comments of the reviewers. Moreover, they did not have such data over time, so that they might see changes within a discipline in terms of topics and submitters. The American Sociological Association (ASA) has electronic copies of all the manuscripts and all the reviews for ASA journals for a twenty-year period between 1991 and 2010. Based on a prior three-year, NSF-funded project, the Center for Social Science Research (CSSR) at the George Mason University has created a Digital Archive that contains this information for the American Sociological Review, the ASA top journal. Given the complexities of the Archive data file, CSSR will hold a two-day workshop so that interested scholars can be trained to use it to answer critical questions about the history and development of sociology in a time-period of pronounced changes in the discipline. Faculty trained on the use of the archive will pass on this knowledge to their colleagues in sociology and other disciplines to further the study of the peer-review system for a flagship journal. This project is beneficial because it allows for scrutiny of the scientific process.This project will support a two-day workshop to be held in April 2019 to train faculty and graduate students in the use of the ASA/Mason American Sociological Review (ASR) Digital Archive. The Center for Social Science Research (CSSR) at the George Mason University has created a Digital Archive of more than 8,000 manuscripts and 26,000 reviews. The Archive includes demographic and institutional information of authors and reviews over a 20-year time-span. The Archive was created by examining all submitted manuscripts, matching them with reviewers, and using the internet to secure other information about authors and reviewers. This information was merged into four types of files, including author, reviewer, person, and manuscript information. Workshop participants will become familiar with the files and learn how to link them and/or how to use each separately, depending on the research question to be answered. Examining these files allows researchers to determine whether the peer networks of reviews are intellectually distant from those of authors, or whether both the author and the reviewer are in the same networks, thus suggesting the potential for reviewer bias.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.