Subject specific maximization of motor function with an adaptive optimal combination of noisy and oscillatory transcranial current stimulation

经颅脑刺激包括无创无痛刺激人类大脑皮层的方法。因此，例如，通过经颅直流电刺激(Tdcs)对大脑进行强直流电刺激(Tdcs)，可以对皮质兴奋性进行有限度的长期调节。从神经生理学的角度来看，直流电、交流电和随机噪声刺激的不协调效应是很有趣的，有可能在临床神经学和神经康复中用于患者，并可能有助于建立各种脑刺激技术的通用解释模型。这项建议的目标是通过系统地修改两个基本的刺激参数-噪声和振荡来最佳地促进健康受试者的运动功能。基于预定义状态变量的变化(如手指敲击、皮质肌肉连贯性)和基于模型的电流密度计算(有限元或边界元)对这些刺激参数进行无模型优化，使我们能够建立闭环系统刺激算法(TON，经颅最佳噪声刺激)以促进运动功能。我们假设，在神经元网络的特定修改(例如，手指敲击速度或精度最大化)方面，TONS比纯粹的振荡或噪声形式的刺激更有效。此外，导航式脑刺激软件的实施将确保在例如临床环境中进行准确且安全的刺激。

Transcranial brain stimulation comprises methods for non-invasive painless stimulation of the human cortex. Thus, for example, tonic subthreshold electric stimulation of the brain with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) allows for the circumscribed long-lasting modification of cortical excitability. Incongruous effects following direct current, alternating current and random-noise stimulation are interesting from a neurophysiological view-point, have the potential to be used in patients in clinical neurology and neuro-rehabilitation and may contribute to a common explanatory model of the various brain stimulation techniques. The goal of this proposal is to optimally promote motor function in healthy subjects by the systematic modification of two fundamental stimulation parameters - noise and oscillation. The model-free optimization of these stimulus parameters on the basis of changes in a predefined state-variable (e.g. finger-tapping, cortico-muscular coherence) and model-based current density calculations (finite or boundary elements) allows us to establish a closed-loop stimulation algorithm (tONS, transcranial optimal noise stimulation) to promote motor functions. We hypothesize that tONS is more efficient than pure oscillatory or noisy forms of stimulation in the specific modification of neuronal networks (e.g. for finger-tapping speed or precision maximization). Additionally, the implementation of navigated brain stimulation software will ensure precise as well as safe stimulation in e.g. a clinical setting.