RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS, AND GLOBALIZATION MEASUREMENT: A WORKSHOP

近几十年来，最终产品的生产过程在所谓的全球价值链（GVCs）中越来越分散。在跨国公司的情况下，中间产品或服务的生产越来越多地外包给外国附属公司或不相关的公司。据估计，大约70%的全球贸易是在这些中间产品和服务。这种对全球价值链的更多利用给我们的统计系统带来了挑战。虽然国家统计组织收集了大量关于经济表现、贸易、就业和外国直接投资的信息，但这些信息并不总是用于量化这些跨境交易的国际联系和流动，特别是那些与研究和开发或软件有关的交易。该项目将召开一个为期两天的研讨会，在研讨会上，来自不同领域的专家将讨论有关在全球价值链背景下衡量研发的问题。研讨会的长期目标是帮助提高与研发和全球价值链相关的已发表统计数据的质量，从而促进对全球价值链对就业、创新、全球竞争力和其他经济问题的影响的理解。更准确和完整地描述经济活动和经济健康状况，将提高政府评估当前和未来经济政策、全球价值链中研发的性质和公司在其中发挥的整体作用以及当前或未来格局对国家安全的影响的能力。讲习班的参加者将包括来自美国和国外工业组织、国际贸易和跨国企业会计/税务等领域的专家，以及（美国和外国）国家统计局的工作人员。在研讨会之前，将委托进行原创研究。讲习班将包括对委托编写的文件进行简短的小组讨论，然后是由主要利益攸关方推动的互动会议。研讨会将指导与会者整合研发和全球价值链的理论和学科观点，突出当前全球价值链中研发的差距和不一致之处，评估正在努力解决这些差距，检查用于提供研发和全球化测量统计指导的国家和国际手册，并确定和优先考虑数据收集和分析方面的潜在改进，以及其他主题。讲习班的产出将包括：(i)会前征求的一套研究论文；（ii）会议纪要和讨论纪要，总结会议期间提出的关键问题，包括美国统计机构之间在全球研发计量方面可能的合作战略，以及国际合作更新与全球化和研发相关的统计手册的途径。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In recent decades, production processes of final products have been increasingly fragmented across countries in what is called global value chains (GVCs). Production of intermediate goods or services is increasingly outsourced to a foreign affiliate, in the case of multinational companies, or to unrelated companies. Estimates are that about 70 percent of all global trade is in these intermediate goods and services. This increased use of global value chains poses challenges for our statistical system. While National Statistical Organizations collect a great deal of information on economic performance, trade, employment, and foreign direct investment, this information cannot always be used to quantify the international linkages and flows that characterize these cross-border transactions, especially those related to research and development (R&D) or software. The project will convene a 2-day workshop in which a diverse group of experts will address issues concerning the measurement of R&D in the context of GVCs. The long-term objective of the workshop is to help improve the quality of published statistics relevant to R&D and GVCs, and thereby advance understanding of the impacts of GVCs on employment, innovation, global competitiveness, and other economic issues. More accurate and complete characterization of economic activity and economic health will improve governments' capabilities for assessing current and prospective economic policies, the nature of R&D in GVCs and the overall role companies play in it, and any national security implications of the current or prospective landscape. Workshop participants will include experts from the U.S. and abroad in fields such as industrial organization, international trade, and the accounting/taxation of multinational enterprises, as well as staff from (U.S. and foreign) national statistical offices. Original research will be commissioned in advance of the workshop. The workshop will include short panel discussions of the commissioned papers followed by interactive sessions facilitated by key stakeholders. Workshop sessions will guide participants to integrate theoretical and disciplinary perspectives on R&D and GVCs, highlight gaps and inconsistencies in the current measurement of R&D in GVCs, evaluate ongoing efforts to address these gaps, examine national and international manuals used to provide statistical guidance on measurements of R&D and globalization, and identify and prioritize potential improvements in data collection and analysis, among other topics. Workshop outputs will include: (i) the set of research papers solicited in advance of the meeting; and (ii) a Proceedings of the presentations and discussions that summarizes key issues raised during the meeting, including possible strategies for collaboration among U.S. statistical agencies regarding measurement of global R&D and avenues for international collaboration to update statistical manuals related to globalization and R&D.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.