Site specific adaptation by natural selection. A case study with lentil.

在保护和利用植物遗传资源方面，基因库储存（异地）和农场保护（原地）都是重要的概念。在农场管理中，越来越多的注意力集中在老品种的连续生产上。迄今为止，人们对“进化”适应特定场地条件的潜力及其机制知之甚少。拟议的项目将调查三个问题：A在短短10代的自然选择是否会导致人口变化，以及它们是否会导致特定地点的适应？在三个老品种的原始种群将进行比较，暴露于自然选择在农场上的三个非常不同的网站的人口。将在三个选择地点对原始种群、第5代和第10代进行田间试验（表型分析）。此外，还将使用AFLP标记（基因分型）对群体进行分析。B场地适应的原因是什么？本试验的田间选择点主要在供水方面存在差异。为了解决这个问题，将对所有地点经过10代自然选择的种群进行调查。在三个季节中，将进行有无干旱胁迫的田间试验。C种子大小对自然选择的意义是什么？在6个世代中，分别选择了3个小扁豆和大扁豆老品种。所得群体将在田间试验中生长，以研究种子大小、农艺性状和适合度相关性状的相关性。将使用SNP标记进行基因分型。这些结果可能有助于确定种子大小的候选基因。

In the context of conservation and use of plant genetic resources both storage in genebanks (ex-situ) and safeguard on-farm (in situ) are important concepts. Increasingly attention focuses on the continuous production of old varietes in on-farm management. To date little is known about the potential of "evolutionary" adaptation to site specific conditions and the mechanisms involved. The proposed project will investigate three questions: A Can natural selection during a short period of 10 generations lead to population changes and will they lead to site specific adaptation?In three old varieties the original populations will be compared with populations that were exposed to natural selection at three very different sites on-farm. Field trials with the original populations, generation 5, and generation 10 will be carried out at the three selection sites (phenotyping). Additionally the populations will be analysed with AFLP markers (genotyping). B What are the causes for site specific adaptation?The on-farm selection sites in this experiment differ mainly in water supply. To address the question populations from all sites after 10 generations of natural selection will be investigated. During three seasons field trials with and without drought stress will be carried out.C What is the significance of seed size for natural selection?Three old lentil varieties were selected during 6 generations for small and large seeds, respectively. The resulting populations will be in grown in field trials to investigate the correlation of seed size, agronomic performance, and fitness related traits. Genotyping will be carried out with SNP markers. The results may foster the identification of candidate genes for seed size.