CPS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Mitigation strategies for enhancing performance while maintaining viability in cyber-physical systems

复杂的网络物理系统（CPS）在动态和不确定的环境中运行，在运行过程中不可避免地会遇到意想不到的情况。例子包括网络和物理组件中自然发生的故障，以及恶意实体以破坏正常操作为目的发起的攻击。随着能源、交通、工业系统和建筑环境等基础设施变得越来越智能，发生故障或攻击的可能性也在增加。当这种情况发生时，系统行为必须保持可行，也就是说，它不会违反预先指定的运行时行为的操作约束。例如，保护安全对于避免损害和可能的生命损失至关重要。该项目将制定策略，以减轻此类意外情况的影响，寻求在不损害可行性的情况下优化性能（通过多种指标，如成本、效率、准确性等进行测量）。考虑到车辆对车辆（V2V）、车辆对基础设施（V2I）通信和自动驾驶等创新即将带来的革命，以及交通基础设施的安全重要性，重点将放在汽车应用领域。我们将与业界伙伴合作，为研究相关问题奠定基础。该项目的结果将在汽车行业的测试场景中得到验证。当安全关键CPS在不确定环境中运行时出现的基本问题将被解决，目的是更好地理解，并制定最佳或接近最佳的策略来处理此类系统中资源分配和控制策略相互作用产生的紧急问题。本项目采用的新颖技术方法之一是将三种不同的CPS观点紧密结合起来，控制理论、汽车和航空航天应用领域知识以及实时资源管理和调度，以便为复杂的CPS在动态和不确定环境中运行并暴露于各种故障的情况下制定运行时缓解策略。这种综合办法将有助于查明资源分配和控制算法相互作用所产生的紧急问题，如果分别考虑控制和资源分配方面，这些问题可能就不会被发现。用于创建弹性cps的通用设计时和运行时工具将通过在汽车领域的三个应用的仿真和实验室试验台上的研究实施和评估来指导：可变气门内燃机的故障恢复；混合动力汽车故障安全能源管理以及自动驾驶汽车的稳健传感器管理。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Complex cyber-physical systems (CPS) that operate in dynamic and uncertain environments will inevitably encounter unanticipated situations during their operation. Examples range from naturally occurring faults in both the cyber and physical components to attacks launched by malicious entities with the purpose of disrupting normal operations. As infrastructures, e.g. energy, transportation, industrial systems and built environments, are getting smarter, the chance of a fault or attack increases. When this happens, it is essential that system behavior remains viable, i.e., it does not violate pre-specified operating constraints on run-time behavior. Preserving safety, for instance, is of paramount importance to avoid damage and possible loss of life. This project will develop strategies for mitigating the effects of such unanticipated situations, that seek to optimize for performance (measured by multiple metrics such as cost, efficiency, accuracy, etc.) without compromising viability. The emphasis will be on the automotive application domain, given the upcoming revolution brought by innovations such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication and autonomous driving, and because of the safety-criticality of the transportation infrastructure. To ground our research on relevant problems, we will engage industrial partners. The outcomes of the project will be validated upon test scenarios drawn from the automotive industry. Fundamental issues arising when safety-critical CPS operate in uncertain environments will be addressed, with the objective of obtaining a better understanding of, and developing optimal or near-optimal strategies for dealing with, emergent problems that arise from the interaction of resource-allocation and control strategies in such systems. One of the novelties of the technical approach adopted in this project is to closely integrate three different CPS perspectives control theory, automotive & aerospace application domain-knowledge, and real-time resource management & scheduling in order to develop run-time mitigation strategies for complex CPS's operating in dynamic and uncertain environments, and exposed to a variety of faults. Such an integrated approach will allow for the identification of emergent problems that arise from the interaction of resource-allocation and control algorithms, that may otherwise remain undiscovered if the control and resource-allocation aspects were considered separately.The general design-time and run-time tools for creating resilient CPSs will be guided by the implementation and evaluation of the research in simulation and on laboratory test-beds upon three applications from the automotive domain: fault resilience for variable-valve internal combustion engines; fail-safe energy management for hybrid-electric vehicles; and robust sensor management for autonomous vehicles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.