CRII: CHS: Novel Approaches for Real-Time Data Capture in Fast-Paced Medical Work

为了更准确地说明治疗情况和病人状况的变化，已经作出了重大努力，以核实医疗文件。与在医院病房提供持续护理的临床医生不同，急诊护理提供者从事不可预测、时间紧迫和认知消耗的复杂任务。更重要的是，大多数这些任务需要他们的眼睛和手在病人身上，而不是在医疗记录上。紧急护理工作对社会具有内在的重要性，因为它涉及危及生命的伤害和影响各种背景的人的情况。提高急诊工作效率将减少医疗差错，改善患者预后。为此，本研究将开发新的工具和交互技术，用于在快节奏的医疗工作中进行实时和免提数据采集。该项目使用紧急医疗服务（EMS）作为一个示例域，通过确定如何在真实的时间内捕获和集成特定于上下文的信息来获得设计要求，以支持紧急医疗团队的工作，同时也考虑到他们与手持计算设备交互的有限能力。本计画的具体研究贡献将包括：1）在快节奏的医疗工作中，对紧急照护提供者收集数据的信息行为和时间节奏的概念性和实证性理解; 2）支持实时数据采集和整合的方法; 3）新的交互技术，以减少使用数据采集工具的身体和认知需求;以及4）基于模拟和真实环境中免提数据采集原型的开发和评估的建议。第一个目标是更深入地了解快节奏医疗事件期间围绕实时数据捕获的工作实践、问题和技术需求。了解当前记录的上下文信息是什么、何时以及如何记录的，将有助于设计实现无缝和不引人注目的数据捕获的创新方法。研究人员将通过进行实地考察和视频分析来实现这一目标。在研究结果的基础上，第二个目标侧重于迭代设计技术解决方案，以支持快速，免提数据捕获。研究人员将采取多阶段，以用户为中心的方法，涉及参与式设计，快速原型和形成性评估方法。研究结果和设计建议将推广到多个领域，包括时间关键型工作中的信息行为，与设备直接交互有限的环境中的人机交互，以及设计可穿戴技术以支持多个来源的快速数据捕获和集成。通过该项目获得的概念性见解和设计建议可以应用于面临实时数据捕获和集成（如灾难响应）类似挑战的其他环境。这项研究还将建立一个跨学科的教育和推广计划，涉及高中，本科和研究生的多元化群体，其中大多数是代表性不足的少数民族和第一代移民。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得支持的评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Significant effort has been made to digitize medical documentation in order to provide a more accurate account of treatments and changes in patient status. Unlike clinicians providing ongoing care in hospital wards, emergency care providers engage in complex tasks that are unpredictable, time-critical, and cognitively consuming. More importantly, most of these tasks require their eyes and hands on the patient, rather than on a medical record. Emergency care work is inherently important to society as it involves life-threatening injuries and situations that affect people from all backgrounds. Improving the work efficiency of emergency care will lead to decreased medical errors and better patient outcomes. To this end, this research will develop novel tools and interaction techniques for real-time and hands-free data capture in fast-paced medical work. This project uses Emergency Medical Services (EMS) as an example domain to derive design requirements by determining how context-specific information should be captured and integrated in real time, to support the work of emergency medical teams while also accounting for their limited capacity to interact with handheld computing devices. The specific research contributions of this project will include: 1) a conceptual and empirical understanding of the information behaviors and temporal rhythms of emergency care providers collecting data during fast-paced medical work; 2) approaches for supporting real-time data capture and integration; 3) novel interaction techniques to reduce the physical and cognitive demands of using data capture tools; and 4) recommendations based on the development and evaluation of hands-free data capture prototypes in both simulated and real-world settings.This research has two main aims. The first aim is to gain a deeper understanding of the work practices, issues, and the technological needs around real-time data capture during fast-paced medical events. Understanding what, when, and how contextual information is currently being documented will inform the design of innovative approaches toward seamless and unobtrusive data capture. The researchers will pursue this objective by conducting fieldwork and video analyses. Building upon the findings, the second aim focuses on iteratively designing technological solutions to support rapid, hands-free data capture. The researchers will take a multi-phased, user-centered approach involving participatory design, rapid prototyping, and formative evaluation methods. Findings and design recommendations will be generalizable to multiple domains including information behaviors in time-critical work, human-computer interaction in environments where direct interaction with devices is limited, and designing for wearable technologies to support rapid data capture and integration from multiple sources. The conceptual insights and design recommendations derived through this project can potentially be applied in other settings facing similar challenges with real-time data capture and integration such as disaster response. This research will also establish an interdisciplinary education and outreach program by involving a diverse group of high school, undergraduate, and graduate students, most of whom are underrepresented minorities and first-generation immigrants.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.