River Responses to Natural and Human-induced Changes in Sediment Supply

该项目探索河流对自然和人为引起的泥沙供应变化的反应的过程和结果，以更好地开发河道地貌调整和泥沙输送机制的预测模型。河流反映并响应径流和泥沙供应的变化，通过相互调整一系列河道特性来努力保持平衡。然而，最近的研究表明，这些反应的类型和大小以未知的方式受到沉积物供应变化的影响。研究人员将使用现有/拆除的减少/增加泥沙供应的大坝及其下方的河流河段作为实验设计，以捕捉这些潜在的反应。由于其重点是大坝和大坝拆除，项目成果将与流域管理者相关，特别是在国家现有的大坝基础设施继续老化的情况下，这构成了重大的环境、社会和经济风险。该项目将从代表性不足的群体中招收不同的学生。通过在会议和公开会议上发表文章和演讲，结果将传播给广大科学家和区域利益攸关方。该项目的首要目标是量化河道形态演变到泥沙供应的瞬时和/或持续变化，并展示形态演变如何影响水力特性和随后的泥沙输送。研究人员将利用以详细的地理空间实地测绘和河道测量为基础的研究设计，结合监测标记有射频识别(RFID)示踪器和嵌入式加速计的砾石碎石的流动性，以量化堤坝水力特性、门槛水流功率和河床结构随泥沙供应变化(正反两方面)的变化。通过利用大坝就位和拆除提供的自然实验，这项研究将提高我们对扰动后河道演变的理解，从而促进我们对基本河流过程的理论理解，这些过程可以应用于其他地貌环境。广泛传播的结果对河流恢复至关重要，对自然和社会都有影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project explores the processes and outcomes of river responses to both natural and human-induced changes in sediment supply to better develop predictive models of channel morphlogic adjustments and the mechanisms of sediment transport. Rivers reflect and respond to changes in streamflow and sediment supply striving to maintain equilibrium by mutually adjusting an array of channel properties. Yet, recent research reveals that the type and magnitude of these responses is conditioned in unknown ways by variations in sediment supply. The investigators will use stream reaches at and below existing/removed dams that decrease/increase sediment supply as an experimental design to capture these potential responses. With its focus on dams and dam removal, project outcomes will be relevant to watershed managers, especially as the nation’s existing dam infrastructure continues to age, posing significant environmental, social, and economic risks. This project will recruit diverse students from underrepresented groups. Through articles and presentations at conferences and public meetings, results will be disseminated to a broad array of scientists and regional stakeholders.The overarching goal of this project is to quantify the channel morphologic evolution to transient and/or sustained changes in sediment supply and to demonstrate how morphologic evolution conditions hydraulic properties and subsequent sediment transport. The investigators will utilize a research design that is based on detailed geospatial field mapping and channel surveying combined with monitoring the mobility of gravel clasts tagged with radio-frequency identification (RFID) tracers and with embedded accelerometers to quantify the variation in bankfull hydraulic properties, threshold stream power, and bed architecture in response to changes (both positive and negative) in sediment supply. By taking advantage of the natural experiments provided by both dam emplacement and removal, the research will improve our understanding of channel evolution following a disturbance and thereby advance our theoretical understanding of fundamental river processes that can be applied in other geomorphic settings. The broadly disseminated results are essential for river restoration, with implications for both nature and societyThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.