Food cultures: Interdisciplinary studies of early farming food technology and palaeodiet in Southeastern Europe

从觅食到农耕的转变可以说是人类史前的关键事件之一。该项目探讨了东南欧的古饮食、食品技术和农业传播（“新石器时代”）之间的关系。巴尔干半岛是一个从半干旱环境向温带环境过渡的地区，因此是适应近东农业技术并将其传播到欧洲大陆的关键地区。作者认为，营养对早期农业社会的生存和成功至关重要，而食物获取策略、饮食和食品加工技术对新环境的快速适应使农业的传播成为可能。为了验证这一假设，该项目将在三个地理区域进行跨学科研究，这些区域具有不同的生态系统，不同的农业过渡历史和农业分散的十字路口：巴尔干南部的色雷斯（卡拉诺沃一世时期），巴尔干中部的Schumadija（早期Starcevo时期）和喀尔巴阡盆地西部的外多瑙河（线性陶器时期）。传统的骨学和宏观植物学分析方法不能提供回答所提议项目的主要研究问题所必需的细节和精度。因此，在这三个案例研究中，人工制品及其背景的考古研究将结合陶瓷有机残留物分析、石质人工制品上保存的植物微化石鉴定以及国内食草动物牙齿牙釉质内碳氧同位素的高分辨率研究，重建和比较食物技术和食物获取策略。对巴尔干半岛和喀尔巴阡盆地新石器时代早期食品技术和饮食的跨学科研究结果，将为理解长期以来欧洲农业征服的成功提供至关重要的意义。

The shift from foraging to farming is arguably one of the pivotal events in human prehistory. This project explores the relationship between palaeodiet, food technology and the spread of agriculture (the 'neolithisation') in Southeastern Europe. The Balkan Peninsula is a zone of transition from semi-arid to temperate environments and therefore a key region for the adaptation of Near Eastern farming technology and its spread into the European continent. It is proposed that nutrition was of primary importance for the survival and success of early agricultural societies and the spread of agriculture was made possible by fast adaptations in food acquisition strategies, diet and food processing technology to new environments. To test this hypothesis, the project will carry out interdisciplinary research in three geographic areas with distinct ecosystems, different histories of transition to agriculture and crossroad positions in the farming dispersal: Thrace in the southern Balkans (Karanovo I period), Schumadija in the central Balkans (early Starcevo period) and Transdanubia in the western Carpathian Basin (Linear Pottery period). The conventional methods of osteological and macrobotanical analysis do not provide the detail and precision that are necessary to answer the main research question of the proposed project. Therefore, archaeological studies of artefacts and their contexts will be combined with organic residue analysis of ceramics, identification of plant microfossils preserved on stone artefacts, and studies of high-resolution intra-enamel carbon and oxygen isotope profiles of domestic herbivore teeth to reconstruct and compare the food technology and the strategies of food acquisition in these three case studies. The results of the interdisciplinary research on early Neolithic food technology and diet in the Balkans and the Carpathian Basin will provide crucial implications for understanding the success of the farming conquest in Europe in the long term.