GeoPRISMS synthesis workshop: Extensional Processes Across Tectonic Settings and Time Scales

将举行一个研讨会，为美国国家科学基金会资助的研究开发一个社区驱动的愿景，重点关注地球的拉伸变形。地球强大的上层的拉伸是板块构造学的一个基本方面。伸展带是构造板块边界的普遍特征，包括形成地球表面三分之二的大洋中脊；狭窄的大陆裂谷是板块分裂的地方，如东非裂谷；广泛的大陆伸展省，如北美盆地和山脉，以及在碰撞和改造板块边界附近形成的裂谷盆地。在地球的整个历史中，伸展活动一直在发生，导致变形、岩浆活动和流体循环，产生了所有时代的经济矿床、化石燃料和地热资源，塑造了现代河道及其周围的生态系统，并解释了地球的许多地下水资源和火山、地震和滑坡灾害。以前的倡议（RIDGE 2000，边际，地质系统）产生了对伸展系统的新理解，这些系统来自于对发生在相对少数特定研究地点的过程的集中研究。拟议的讲习班将提供一个论坛，以综合和巩固从这些具体地点方案中吸取的经验教训，并将利用这些经验教训为下一代研究建立跳板。讲习班将聚集来自地球科学各个学科的代表。研讨会将寻求确定研究途径，最大限度地促进STEM学科的减灾、资源评估、科学素养和人口多样性。为期3.5天的研讨会将以地球岩石圈的伸展变形为主题。伸展是一个基本的构造过程。辐散带是构造板块边界的普遍特征，包括形成地球表面三分之二的洋中脊、狭窄的大陆裂谷（如东非裂谷）、广阔的大陆伸展省（如北美盆地和山脉），甚至毗邻挤压和走滑板块边界（在那里形成了伸展的弧后盆地和拉分盆地）。伸展是化学和热不平衡的主要驱动因素，并建立了成分、温度和重力势的梯度，这些梯度驱动全球和极端局部尺度上的挥发循环和质量运输，对物质和地热资源以及危害产生深远影响。以前的NSF项目（RIDGE 2000, margin, GeoPRISMS）产生了新的数据、模型、实验工作，并从特定构造环境和研究地点的伸展过程的重点研究中获得了新的理解。拟议的讲习班将提供一个论坛，以综合和巩固从这些以前的项目中吸取的经验教训，并将为下一代研究建立一个跳板。研讨会的目的是为研究界重新定位一种综合调查方法，利用地理上不同的观察来阐明外延系统内的共同过程及其共享的潜在机制。因此，研讨会的一个关键组成部分是明确大陆、边缘和洋中裂谷和海脊环境之间的共性。该研讨会提供了一个论坛，将这些迄今为止大多独立的研究团体联系起来，并开发一种共同的语言，以帮助通过新的合作探索共同的潜在动力。讲习班将聚集来自多个地球科学界的代表，以综合最新一代的研究成果，并为未来十年更加综合的面向过程的研究制定远景。研讨会将强调早期职业科学家的参与，并将通过寻求确定对减轻灾害、资源评估、科学素养和STEM学科人口多样性做出最大贡献的途径，优先考虑科学研究的社会相关性。未来nsf资助的岩石圈伸展系统跨学科研究的社区驱动愿景将在研讨会结束时撰写的“白皮书”中得到体现，该白皮书旨在作为未来nsf资助的伸展系统和过程研究的催化剂。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

A workshop will be held to develop a community driven vision for NSF-funded research that focuses on extensional deformation of the Earth. Stretching of Earth’s strong upper layer is a fundamental aspect of Plate Tectonics. Zones of stretching are ubiquitous features of tectonic plate boundaries, and include mid-ocean ridges where two-thirds of our planet’s surface is created; narrow continental rifts where plates break apart such as the East African Rift; broad continental extensional provinces such as the North American Basin and Range, and rift basins that form near collisional and transform plate boundaries. Extension has occurred throughout Earth’s history, resulting in deformation, magmatism, and fluid cycling that has produced economic mineral deposits of all ages, fossil fuel and geothermal energy resources, shaped modern riverways and their surrounding ecosystems, and accounts for many of Earth’s groundwater resources and volcanic, earthquake, and landslide hazards. Previous initiatives (RIDGE 2000, MARGINS, GeoPRISMS) produced new understandings of extensional systems that were derived from focused studies of processes occurring at a relatively few specific study sites. The proposed workshop will provide a forum for synthesis and consolidation of lessons learned from these site-specific programs, and will use that to establish a springboard for the next generation of research. The workshop will gather representatives from a range of Earth science disciplines. The workshop will seek to identify research pathways that maximize contributions to hazard mitigation, resource assessment, science literacy, and demographic diversity in STEM disciplines. A 3.5 day workshop will be held on the broad theme of extensional deformation of the Earth’s lithosphere. Extension is a fundamental tectonic process. Zones of divergence are ubiquitous features of tectonic plate boundaries, including the mid-ocean ridges where two-thirds of our planet’s surface is created, narrow continental rifts such as the East African Rift, broad continental extensional provinces such as the North American Basin and Range, and even adjacent to compressional and strike-slip plate boundaries where extensional back-arc basins and pull-apart basins form. Extension is a primary driver of chemical and thermal disequilibrium and establishes gradients in composition, temperature, and gravitational potential that drive volatile cycling and mass transport on both global and extremely localized scales, with profound consequences for material and geothermal resources, as well as hazards. Previous NSF programs (RIDGE 2000, MARGINS, GeoPRISMS) have produced new data, models, experimental work, and understandings derived from focused studies of extensional processes within specific tectonic settings and study sites. The proposed workshop will provide a forum for synthesis and consolidation of lessons learned from these previous programs, and will establish a springboard for the next generation of research. The workshop’s purpose is to reposition the research community for an integrative investigative approach that leverages geographically disparate observations to illuminate common processes within extensional systems and their shared underlying mechanisms. As such, a key component of the workshop is to make explicit the commonalities between continental, marginal, and mid-ocean rift and ridge environments. The workshop provides a forum to link these hitherto mostly separate research communities and develop a common language to help explore common underlying dynamics through new collaborations. The workshop will gather representatives from multiple Earth science communities to synthesize the most recent generation of research results, and to develop a vision for more integrative process-oriented research in the coming decade. The workshop will emphasize participation of early career scientists and will prioritize the societal relevance of scientific research by seeking to identify pathways that maximize contributions to hazard mitigation, resource assessment, and science literacy, and to demographic diversity in STEM disciplines. The community-driven vision for future NSF-funded cross-disciplinary research into lithospheric extensional systems will be captured in a “white paper” written at the conclusion of the workshop that is intended to serve as a catalyst for future NSF-funded research into extensional systems and processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.