RAPID: Health, Housing, and Hazards: COVID-19, Subjective Resilience, Vulnerabilities, and Policy Evolution in Hurricane Prone Counties

COVID-19大流行是一场迅速演变的全球危机，具有多重后果和影响，特别是对那些最脆弱的人以及那些仍在从过去的灾难中恢复的人。个人和家庭正面临多重挑战，包括健康风险、不稳定的住房条件以及暴露于天气和气候危害，而政策授权和短期措施（如暂停驱逐）正在迅速演变，以应对COVID-19疫情带来的不确定性。这一快速反应研究项目旨在获取关于个人和家庭复原力主观看法的短暂和有时限的数据，包括其科普和适应这些挑战的能力。这符合国家利益，并通过提高我们对以下几个主题的理解来促进国家健康、繁荣和福利：㈠影响个人和家庭应对和适应能力的因素及其对风险和复原力的主观看法; ㈡政策分散和模糊在处理与健康、住房和灾害有关的跨部门和累积脆弱性方面的影响。研究结果可实际应用于大流行病的防范和灾害管理，特别是在灾害易发地区的住房、避难所和疏散方面对社会弱势群体。 研究地区包括佛罗里达南部和中部以及狭长地带的县，这些县仍在从飓风迈克尔和厄玛中恢复，飓风玛丽亚后，从波多黎各涌入流离失所者。随着2020年飓风季节的临近，风暴的潜在影响将进一步加剧租房者和其他居住在不稳定住房条件下的人的跨部门和累积脆弱性。实现研究目标的数据包括通过互联网和固定电话以英语和西班牙语进行的重复的跨部门人口调查。本集团进行三波调查，以了解COVID-19疫情对个人及家庭在数月内的复原力、应对及适应能力的即时影响：（i）二零二零年六月初，以配合飓风季节开始，届时将实施政策以应对疫情的影响;（ii）二零二零年十月，届时疫情可能减弱，或倘佛罗里达发生重大飓风事件，则疫情可能会更早减弱;及（iii）二零二一年三月，即疫情政策应对措施开始后约一年。二手数据是从媒体来源和政策文件中收集和分析的，这些文件涉及在调查工作之前的一段时间内为抗击大流行而采取的迅速演变的政策措施。考虑到研究区域，研究小组还对临时联邦、州和地方一级政策的直接影响感兴趣，这些政策涉及大流行和潜在风暴造成的疏散、避难和住房。多变量统计模型被用来检查弹性，风险感知，与健康，住房和危害相关的跨部门脆弱性，以及为应对流行病及其后果而采取的政策之间的动态关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

The COVID-19 pandemic is a rapidly evolving global crisis that has multiple ramifications and impacts, particularly for those who are most vulnerable, and for those who are still recovering from past disasters. Individuals and households are facing multiple challenges, including health risks, precarious housing conditions, and exposure to weather and climate hazards, within the context of rapidly evolving policy mandates and short-term measures (such as moratoriums on evictions) to address the uncertainties stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project seeks to capture ephemeral and time-bound data on the subjective perceptions of resilience of individuals and households, including their capacities to cope and adapt in response to these challenges. This serves the national interest and advances national health, prosperity and welfare by improving our understandings of several topics, including: (i) the factors influencing individual and household coping and adaptive capacities and their subjective perceptions of risk and resilience; and, (ii) the impacts of policy fragmentation and ambiguity in addressing inter-sectional and cumulative vulnerabilities related to health, housing, and hazards. The findings have practical applications for pandemic preparedness and disaster management, specifically for socially vulnerable populations with respect to housing, sheltering and evacuation in hazard-prone areas. The study areas include counties in south and central Florida and the Panhandle, which are still recovering from Hurricanes Michael and Irma, and which saw an influx of displaced persons from Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. As the 2020 hurricane season looms, the potential impact of storms will further exacerbate the inter-sectional and cumulative vulnerabilities of renters and others living in precarious housing conditions. Data to achieve the research objectives includes repeated cross-sectional population surveys conducted in both English and Spanish via the Internet and landlines. Three waves of the survey are conducted to capture the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceptions of resilience and coping and adaptive capacities of individuals and households over a few months: (i) early June 2020 to align with the beginning of the hurricane season and by which time there will be policies being implemented to address the fallout of the pandemic; (ii) October 2020 by which time the pandemic may abate or earlier if there is a major hurricane event in Florida; and (iii) March 2021, which is approximately a year after policy responses to the pandemic began. Secondary data are collected and analyzed from media sources and policy documents on the rapidly evolving policy measures adopted to combat the pandemic during the time periods immediately preceding the survey work. Given the study area, the research team is also interested in the immediate effects of temporary federal, state, and local-level policies dealing with evacuation, sheltering, and housing because of the pandemic and potential storms. Multivariate statistical models are used to examine the dynamic relationships between perceptions of resilience, risk perceptions, inter-sectional vulnerabilities related to health, housing, and hazards, and policies adopted to address the pandemic and its ramifications.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.