RAPID: Longitudinal Modeling of Teams and Teamwork during the COVID-19 Crisis

团队有效工作的能力对于满足现代世界和劳动力的需求是至关重要的。然而，新冠肺炎危机已经极大地改变了团队的协作方式，包括长时间远程工作、远程团队和面对面团队混合、家庭和工作边界变得模糊、压力和焦虑加剧以及对未来的极度不确定性。危机的迅速爆发要求个人、团队和组织在几乎没有准备的情况下突然适应快速变化的环境。这项拟议的研究将调查团队合作受到的干扰，以及团队在新冠肺炎危机期间和随后的恢复期如何适应。该项目将在危机期间对30个真实世界的团队进行为期三个月的调查，并随着事件的展开进行为期一个月的额外跟踪。目标是了解团队如何应对不断变化的环境，团队如何相互支持，冲突是如何管理的，以及团队如何在新冠肺炎期间和随后的恢复期发展、适应和保持团队合作的节奏。这项基础性研究将对帮助各组织建立团队结构和协作程序至关重要，使它们能够更成功地应对当前和未来危机中的干扰。该项目将为学生在计算机科学和心理学方面的跨学科培训提供独特的机会，将通过招收不同的学生来扩大参与，并将与广大科学界共享丰富和独特的数据集。其具体目标是：(1)了解团队在新冠肺炎危机期间的状态、流程和行为(例如，团队凝聚力、沟通模式、集体压力)，重点关注与团队绩效相关的因素；(2)调查个人和团队如何体验和适应与COVID相关的重大生活事件，如学校停课、强制执行社会疏远、预算削减、疾病等；(3)确定团队状态和行为随时间推移的模式，检测这些模式的中断，并研究在危机期间和随后的恢复期如何出现新模式。该项目将使用可穿戴传感器来跟踪心率、睡眠、体力活动和相对位置(在家或远离)、通信工具(例如，团队日历、电子邮件元数据)、生态瞬时评估(EMA)、经过验证的调查工具，以及半结构化访谈，以调查团队状态、团队流程、团队行为和团队在背景和时间上的表现。这些发现将有助于了解在新冠肺炎的独特背景下进行团队合作的基本知识，哪些因素与团队绩效相关，以及团队采用的变化是暂时的还是永久性的。该奖项反映了国家科学基金会的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The ability to effectively work as a team is essential to meet the demands of the modern world and workforce. However, the COVID-19 crisis has drastically changed how teams collaborate, including periods of extended remote work, mixed remote and in-person teams, blurred home and work boundaries, elevated stress and anxiety, and extreme uncertainty about the future. The swift onset of the crisis required individuals, teams, and organizations to abruptly adapt to rapidly changing circumstances with little to no preparation. The proposed research will investigate disruptions to teamwork and how teams adapt during the COVID-19 crisis and in the ensuing recovery period. The project will investigate 30 real-world teams over a three-month period while in the midst of the crisis and for an additional one-month follow-up as events unfold. The goal is to understand how teams respond to changing contexts, how teams support each other, how conflict is managed, and how teams develop, adapt, and sustain the rhythms of teamwork during COVID-19 and in the ensuing recovery period. This foundational research will be essential to help organizations establish team structures and collaborative processes that enable them to more successfully address disruptions in the current and in future crises. The project will provide unique opportunities for interdisciplinary training of students in computer science and psychology, will broaden participation by recruiting diverse students, and will share a rich and unique dataset with the broad scientific community. The specific aims are to: (1) understand states, processes, and behaviors (e.g., team cohesion, communication patterns, collective stress) of teams during the COVID-19 crisis with a focus on factors associated with team performance; (2) investigate how individuals and teams experience and adapt to major COVID-related life events, such as school closings, enforcing of social distancing, budget cuts, illnesses, and so on; and (3) identify patterns in team states and behaviors over time, detect disruptions to these patterns, and study how new patterns emerge during the crisis and in the ensuing period of recovery. The project will use wearable sensors to track heart rate, sleep, physical activity, and relative location (home or away), communication tools (e.g., team calendars, email metadata), ecological momentary assessments (EMAs), validated survey instruments, and semi-structured interviews to investigate team states, team processes, team behaviors, and team performances in context and over time. The findings will contribute basic knowledge on teaming under the unique context of COVID-19, what factors are associated with team performance, and whether changes teams adopt are temporary or permanent.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.